Welcome to the course, which is an introduction to cultural or sociocultural anthropology We will have two lectures and one discussion a week Most of the requirements (a final exam, series of six papers adding up to about twenty pages; at least an hour a week of discussion)is set by the MIT Humanities Distribution system

The culture concept is fundamental to anthropology Years ago, we used to have more trouble introducing the concept, because people tended to think of the other meaning of culture, i.e., high culture, esp. art, music, refinement

Ethnography 1. INTRO Originally people who studied cultures were amateurs who happened to either be particularly observant or who happened to travel a lot. Some of them did more or less what people did today. a. Ibn Khaldun was a famous Arab scholar who did observations of everyone, including the Vikings

Symbolism and Ritual It's a huge topic, it could cover a whole course 1. Two examples: a. Mariage ritual from the Kuna called\the dragging' i. Bride and groom would not choose each other, but their parents would arrange the marriage secretly. The groom's friends would traditionally surprise him and drag him down the street. (Now a days, they don't fight back so hard and they know ahead of time)

1. In Anthropology some insights have come from observing simpler societies and then applying what we learn to our own society a. There are some things in our society that we take for granted that are of very recent origin:

Anthropology of Science Food for thought Is there a culture of science? Who is in that culture? Is there more than one? o What are the boundaries of science 1. Anthropology of science Uses ethnographic method to study science

1. History and Anthropology a. Hutchinson emphasizes that her ethnography tries to encompass the history of the Nuer people b. Evans-Pritchard (Ep)on the other hand, tries only to capture the nuer at one moment in time

1.The Nuer a. Famous in anthropology long before Hutchinson's book i. The Nuer were pacified by the British colonial forces 1. After their pacification anthropologists could study them 2. Much of early anthropology was caught up in colonialism b. Studied by many, but there can't be a definitive book on their culture or any other

教师是人类灵魂的工程师? 像建筑学那样设计学习空间,像物理学那样设计设备,像社会学、人类学那样设计社会环境,像组织科 学那样设计教学管理方法,像心理学那样设计有效的学习条件。从这 个意义上说,教育技术就是教育工程

一、文化的概念。 定义：文化的定义很多，许多社会学家和人类学家都下过定 义，曾作过统计：自 1871——1951 年 80 年里，关于文化的定义 有 164 条之多，人类学的鼻祖泰勒是现代第一个界定文化的学 者， 他认为：文化是复杂的整体，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道 德、法律、风俗以及其它作为社会一分子所习得的任何才能与习 惯，是人类为使自己适应其环境和改善其生活方式的努力的总成 绩