一、信息、地理信息 1、信息和数据 信息（Information）是用文字、数字、符号、语言、图像等介质来表示事件、事物、现象 等的内容、数量或特征，从而向人们（或系统）提供关于现实世界新的事实和知识，作为生 产、建设、经营、管理、分析和决策的依据。信息具有客观性、适用性、可传输性和共享性 等特征。信息来源于数据（Data）

A. Trichopoulou and A. Naska, University of Athens 2.1 Introduction Documenting and monitoring dietary patterns are priorities in nutritional epi￾demiology, in the planning of national food and nutrition policies and in the evaluation of nutrition education strategies. Early efforts in documenting dietary patterns were focused on identifying the specific nutrients that may be respon￾sible for effects on people’s health, but recently research has expanded towards studying patterns of food intake. Food data are often derived from:

Use of any multiresidue method (MRM) is supported by available information about how potential residues behave through the steps of the method. To provide that support for PAM I MRMs, additional chemicals are continually tested through the method steps and the resulting data compiled in a single database. All PAM

ping与其它主机的连接 PInging 10.. 25 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out

model: sets: tm/1..100/: x; endsets data: b=1.2; x0=0.2; enddata

一、什么是 Eviews Eviews (Econometric Views)软件是 QMS（Quantitative Micro Software）公司开发的、基于 Windows 平台下的应用软件，其前身是 DOS 操作系统下的 TSP 软件。Eviews 软件是由经济 学家开发，主要应用在经济学领域，可用于回归分析与预测(regression and forecasting)、时 间序列(Time series)以及横截面数据(cross-sectional data )分析。与其他统计软件（如 EXCEL、 SAS、SPSS）相比，Eviews 功能优势是回归分析与预测，其功能框架见表 1.1

The memory of a typical computer: A register area; Addressable Random access memory (RAM): A code area; A data area. The code area is fixed prior to execution, and can be visualized as follows:

Symbol table: major inherited attribute and major data structure in a compiler Principal operations: – Insert: store the information provided by name declarations when processing these declarations – Lookup: retrieve the information associated to a name when that name is used in the associated code

Exercises Linear equations for the consumption and saving schedule take the general form C=a + bY and S=-a+(1-b)Y, where C, S and Y are consumption, saving and national income respectively. (1) Use the given data to develop specific numerical values for the consumption and saving equations. Write the using these values

1 Equivalence Relations 【Definition】A relation R is defined on a set S if for every pair of elements (a, b), a, b S, a R b is either true or false. If a R b is true, then we say that a is related to b