Similar to Viruses Atypical Agents Small Filterable Need host cells No machinery for energy generation of protein synthesis

Live difficult diagnosis clinical picture, skin biopsy, corneal impression(antibodies only appear very late) Dead- brain sent to Onderstepoort Negri bodies in cytoplasm of brain cells; immunofluorescence virus isolation

Viral gastroenteritis It is thought that viruses are responsible for up to 3/4 of all infective diarrhoeas Viral gastroenteritis is the second most common viral illness after upper respiratory tract infection

Genera of picornaviruses Enterovirus Polio Diseases of the human (and other alimentary tract Coxsackie a and B (e.g. polio virus

Category of sample Blood, Urine, Stool, nasal washing, nasal swab, throat swab, saliva, sputum, rectal swab, vesicle fluid scraping or swab) tissue, brain biopsy, cerebrospinal fluid, et

What does a pathogen have to do? Infect (infest) a host Reproduce(replicate) itself Ensure that its progeny are transmitted to another host

Medical Virology Dept. of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Shanghai Second Medical University Shanghai, China. E.mail:(xkguoshsmu.edu.cn)

Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Part I: Medical Microbiology Part II: Medical Parasitology

Bacteriophages ( phages ) are obligate intracellular parasites that multiply inside bacteria by making use of some or all of the host biosynthetic machinery . They are viruses that infect bacteria

Symbioses Commensalism: one partner benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited. Mutualism: both partners benefit. Parasitism: one partner benefits at the expense of the other