Summary Theory Modeling approaches

Important Persons in Microbiology History 1684 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (discovery of bacteria) 1857-1864 Louis Pasteur (lactic acid fermentation, yeast alcohol fermentation, spontaneous generation theory “swan neck flasks”) 1881-1884 Robert Koch (pure culture, cause of tuberculosis, Koch’s postulates, cause of (霍乱) cholera）

5.1 Edward Chace Tolman (1886-1959) Born in Newton,Massachusetts. Received his B.S.degree fromthe Mass.institutes of Technology inelectrochemistry in 1911

2.1 The postulate In 1864, James Clerk Maxwell proposed one of the most successful theories in the history of science. In a famous memoir to the Royal Society [125] he presented nine equations summarizing all known laws on electricity and magnetism. This was more than a mere cataloging of the laws of nature. By postulating the need for an additional term to make the set of equations self-consistent

5.1 About GestaltPsychology The founder ofGestalt psychology: Max Wertheimer(1880-1943)

“Any subject can by taught effectively to any child at any stage of development

Anything that can be learned from direct experience can also be learned by indirect or vicarious experience

Theory of Equivalence Relations (A, R) (E1) For all x : xRx. (E2) For all x, y : If xRy then yRx. (E3) For all x, y, z : If xRy and yRz then xRz. Logic in Computer Science – p.2/16

JB=Beam ion (and neutralizer electron current) JE=cathode emitted current Jc=ion current to cathode- potential surfaces JD=current through disch. power supply

一、问题的提出 二、博弈论基础 三、纳什均衡 四、囚犯困局 五、序贯博弈 六、纯策略博弈 七、混合策略博弈 八、重复博弈