1. General Physiological Processes 2. Muscle 3. Blood 4. Autonomic Nervous System 5. Respiration 6. Cardiovascular Physiology 7. Body Fluids and Electrolytes 8. Gastrointestinal System 9. Endocrine System 10. Fuel Metabolism and Nutrition 11. Reproduction and Sexual Function 12. Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Lactation 13. Mineral Metabolism, Bone, and Connective Tissue

1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology 2 Nerve and Muscle, Physical Work 3 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 4 Blood 5 Respiration 6 Acid–Base Homeostasis 7 Kidneys, Salt, and Water Balance 8 Cardiovascular System 9 Thermal Balance and Thermoregulation 10 Nutrition and Digestion 11 Hormones and Reproduction 12 Central Nervous System and Senses 13 Appendix Further Reading Index

Authorand ExecutiveEditor Robert B.Dunn, Ph.D. Adjunct Associate Professor Department of Medicine Loyola University Medical Center Chicago, IL Contributors Susan DeMesquita, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Physiology Marshall School of Medicine Huntington, WV Directorof MedicalIllustration ChristineSchaar Directorof PublishingandMedia Michelle Covello Stanley S. Passo, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Physiology New York Medical College Valhalla, NY MedicalIllustrators Rich LaRocco and Christine Schaar James Porter, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Physiology University of Louisville Louisville, KY ProductionEditors Kathlyn McGreevy Ruthie Nussbaum Kenneth H. Ibsen, Ph.D. Director of Academic Development Kaplan Medical Professor Emeritus Biochemistry University of California Irvine, CA ProductionArtist Michael Wolff CoverDesign Joanna Myllo Mary Ruebush, Ph.D. Adjunct Professor of Microbiology Montana State University Bozeman, MT CoverArt Rich LaRocco

This is an admirably concise and clear guide to fundamental concepts in physiology relevant to clinical practice. It covers all the body systems in an accessible style of presentation. Bulleted checklists and boxed information provide an easy overview and summary of the essentials. By concentrating on the core knowledge of physiology, it will serve as a useful revision aid for all doctors striving to achieve postgraduate qualification, and for anyone needing to refresh their knowledge base in the key elements of clinical physiology. The author’s own experience as an examiner at all levels has been distilled here for the benefit of postgraduate trainees and medical and nursing students. Dr Ashis Banerjee is Consultant in Emergency Medicine and serves as Examiner for those undertaking their MB, BS, MRCS and MFAEM examinations

第一节细菌变异现象 第二节细菌遗传变异的物质基础 第三节细菌变异机制 第四节细菌变异的实际应用

山东大学基础医学院：《病理生理学 Pathophysiology》课程教学大纲（供五年制临床医学专业用）

山东大学基础医学院：《生理学 Physiology》课程资源_Experimental Classes for Medical Physiology 医学生理学实验课程教学大纲

第一节厌氧芽孢梭菌 第二节弯曲菌属

一、什么是程序性细胞死亡PCD 一个固有的遗传程序即生物钟，在一个受控制的时间和空间内激活，从而导致细胞死亡。又称细胞凋亡(apoptosis)： 在体内外因素诱导下，由基因严格调控而发生的自主性细胞有序死亡。 二、PCD/细胞凋亡的形态变化 三、胚胎发育中的程序性细胞死亡 四、PCD/细胞凋亡的调节 五、PCD的主要途径

一、种系发生 二、神经管和神经嵴的发生和早期分化 三、 脊髓的发生