Structure Definition When to provide a public good Efficient provision Private provision: free-riding Variable quantities of public good -Efficient amount Free-riding problem How to provide public goods? Demand revelation

Structure Market equilibrium Quantity tax and equilibrium Tax incidence税收分担) Deadweight loss(额外净损失)

Structure Market environments Market demand for a competitive firm Short-run- supply decision Upward sloping MC curve Shut- down condition Long -run- supply decision Comparing long-run- and short--run decisions Producer's' surplus and profits

Contents Dominant strategy Nash equilibrium Prisoner's' dilemma and repeated games Multiple equilibria and sequential games Pure and mixed strategies

Structure Economic profit Short-run- profit maximization -Comparative statics Long- run profit maximization Profit maximization and returns to scale Revealed profit maximization

Structure Describe preferences Indifference curves(无差异曲线) Well- behaved preferences Marginal rate of substitution(边际替代率)

The Theory of Economics does not furnish a body of settled conclusions immediately applicable to policy. It is a method rather than a doctrine. an apparatus of the mind, a technique of thinking which helps its possessor to draw correct conclusions John Maynard Keynes

Information in Competitive Markets In purely competitive markets all agents are fully informed about traded commodities and other aspects of the market. What about markets for medical services, or insurance, or used cars?

一、模型的设定—F检验 二、固定影响变截距模型 三、随机影响变截距模型 四、固定影响/随机影响模型的检验

一、经济学的分类 以单个经济单位为考察对象,研究 西微观经济学在价格制度调节下资源如何配置和 收入如何分配的经济学