ou have already had considerable experience with carbanionic compounds and rgani their applications in synthetic organic chemistry. The first was acetylide ion in Chapter 9, followed in Chapter 14 by organometallic compounds-Grignard reagents, for example-that act as sources of negatively polarized carbon. In Chapter 18 you learned that enolate ions-reactive

1． 定出下列每个烷烃的结构式： （1）新戊烷 （2）异丁烷 （3）异戊烷 （4）3，4，5-三甲基-4-丙基庚烷 （5）6-（3-甲基丁基）十一烷 （6）4-叔丁基庚烷 （7）2-甲基十七烷

1． 解释下列各名词，举例说明： （1）旋光活性物质 （2）右旋体 （3）手性原子 （4）手性分子和非手性分子 （5）对映异构体 （6）非对映异构体

the preceding chapter you learned that nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group is one of the fundamental reaction types of organic chemistry. In addition to its own reactivity, a carbonyl group can affect the chemical properties of aldehydes and ketones in other ways. Aldehydes and ketones are in equilibrium with their enol isomers

rganometallic compounds are compounds that have a carbon-metal bond; they lie at the place where organic and inorganic chemistry meet. You are already familiar with at least one organometallic compound, sodium acetylide (NaC=CH), which has an ionic bond between carbon and sodium. But just because a compound contains both a metal and carbon isn't enough to classify it as organometal-

第一节醇的定义和分类 第二节醇的命名 第三节醇的结构特点 第四节醇的物理性质和光谱特征 第五节醇的反应 第六节醇的制备

ot all the properties of alkenes are revealed by focusing exclusively on the func- tional group behavior of the double bond. A double bond can affect the proper- ties of a second functional unit to which it is directly attached. It can be a sub- stituent, for example, on a positively charged carbon in an allylic carbocation, or on a carbon that bears an unpaired electron in an allylic free radical, or it can

W hen we discussed elimination reactions in Chapter 5, we learned that Lewis base can react with an alkyl halide to form an alkene. In the present chapter, you will find that the same kinds of reactants can also undergo a different reaction, one in which the Lewis base acts as a nucleophile to substitute for the halide substituent on carbon

Ikenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond. A car- bon-carbon double bond is both an important structural unit and an important functional group in organic chemistry. The shape of an organic molecule is influ- enced by the presence of this bond, and the double bond is the site of most of the chem- ical reactions that alkenes undergo. Some representative alkenes include isobutylene(an industrial chemical), a-pinene (a fragrant liquid obtained from pine trees), and farnesene (a naturally occurring alkene with three double bonds

1.色谱法:起源与发展: 特点:分离分析技术;分析有色 物质、无色物质。 本质:色谱柱高选择性的高效分 离作用与高灵敏度检测技术的结合。 分类(流动相状态):气相色谱、 液相色谱、超临界色谱