14.1 Restricted Least Squares (RLS) 1. OLS and RLS ()Unrestricted least squares(ULS) When using the ordinary least square method(OLS) to estimate the parameters, we do not put any prior constraint() or restriction(s) on the parameters. So we can estimate the parameters without any restrictions. This is ULS

Single equation regression models: -The dependent variable, Y, is expressed as a linear function of one or more explanatory variables, the Xs. Assumption the cause-and-effect relationship, if any, between Y and the Xs is unidirectional: explanatory variables are the cause; the dependent variable is the effect

12.1 The Nature of Autocorrelation 1. Definition (1) CLRM assumption: No autocorrelation exist in dishurbances ui; E(iμi)=0 Autocorrelation means: E(μiμ)≠0 (2) Autocorrelation is usually associated with time series data, but it can also occur in cross-sectional data, which is called spatial correlation

The models we discussed are models that are linear in parameters; variables Y and Xs do not necessarily have to be linear The price elasticity of demand~the log-linear models The rate of growth~semilog model Functional forms of regression models which are linear in parameters, but not necessarily linear in variables:

The Normal Distribution: the distribution of a continuous r.v. whose value depends on a number of factors, yet no single factor dominates the other. 1. Properties of the normal distribution: 1)The normal distribution curve is symmetrical around its mean valueu. 2)The PDF of the distribution is the highest at its mean value but tails off at its extremities

Definition (1) Econometrics: economic measurement. (2) Econometrics: the social science in which the tools of economic theory, mathematics, and statistical inference are applied to the analysis of economic phenomena. (3) Econometrics: the result of a certain outlook on the role of economics, consists of the application of mathematical statistics to economic data to lend

Part One General Introduction to International Economic Law One General Introduction to International Economic Law Two International Economic Organizations Tree Transnational Corporation Part Two Legal System of International Trade Four General Introduction to Legal System of International Trade Five Law of International Sale of Goods Six Transportation and Insurance Concerning International Sale of Goods Seven Legal System of Government Control on International Trade Part Three Legal System of International Technology Transfer Eight General Introduction to Legal System of International Technology Transfer (Trade) Nine International Licensing Contract Ten Legal Regulation to International Technology Transfer Part Four Legal System of International Direct Investment Eleven General Introduction to Legal System of International Direct Investment Twelve Legal Forms of International Investment Thirteen Domestic Laws Concerning Transnational Investment Fourteen International Treaties Concern

第四章导数的应用 4.1中值定理 4.2罗必达法则 4.3函数的单调性 4.4函数的极值与最值 4.5曲线的凹性与拐点 4.6函数作图的基本步骤与方法 4.7导数在经济中的应用

Parallels with Simple regression Bo is still the intercept B, to Bk all called slope parameters u is still the error term(or disturbance) Still need to make a zero conditional mean assumption, so now assume that E(lx,x2…,x)=0 Still minimizing the sum of squared residuals. so have k+l first order conditions Economics 20- Prof anderson

Assumptions of the classical Linear Model (Clm) e So far, we know that given the Gauss Markov assumptions, OLS IS BLUE e In order to do classical hypothesis testing we need to add another assumption(beyond the Gauss-Markov assumptions) Assume that u is independent of x,x2…,xk and u is normally distributed with zero mean and variance 0: u- Normal(0, 02) Economics 20- Prof anderson