Chapter Microorganisms and Microbiology From very small virus and Bacteria to large parasites

Chapter 7 Microbial Genetics Plasmids Circular genetic elements that reproduce autonomously and have an extra-chromosomal existence 1-1000 KB in size Typical plasmid 1/20 of chromosome Most are circular double-stranded DNA. some linear ds dna Transmitted from cell to cell via

Kingdom I: Proteobacteria Purple phototrophic Bacteria The Nitrifying bacteria Sulfur- and Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria Methanotrophs and Methylotrophs Pseudomonas and pseudomonads Acetic Acid bacteria Free-Living Aerobic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Neisseria Chromobacterium and relatives Enteric bacteria

The Purple Bacteria, also called Proteobacteria is the largest and most physiological diverse of all bacteria Beta purple bacteria Chemolithotrophs Chemoorganotrophs Chemoorganotrophs Gamma purple Alpha purple bacteria

ingdom I: Proteobacteria Purple Phototrophic Bacteria The Nitrifying Bacteria Sulfur-and Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria Methanotrophs and Methylotrophs Pseudomonas and Pseudomonads Acetic Acid Bacteria Free-Living Aerobic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Neisseria, Chromobacterium, and Relatives Enteric Bacteria

Virus a noncellular genetic element that enlists a cell for its own replication, it has an extracellular state. A virus particle containing nucleic acid surrounded by protein and other macromolecular components is called virion

概念 Definition 具有血管系统的活体组织对损伤因子所发生的防御反应。(杨光华主编:第五版) Inflammation is the reaction of vascularized living tissues to local injury, leading to the accumulation of fluid and leukocytes in extravascular tissues. (Basic Pathology) 修复 repair: Defensive reaction

Etiology Thrombosis Embolism Vesospasm Expansion of atheroma Extrinsic compression Twisting of the vessels

Arterial hyperemia Inflammatory Collateral Post-ischemic

Autopsy Biopsy Cytology Experimental studies In vitro: Tissue culture Organ culture Cell culture In vivo: Experimental animals Nude mice