9. Aldehydes and Ketones Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

What is an alkyl halide An organic compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (C-X) X(F, Cl, Br, Replaces h Can contain many C-X bonds

5. Aromatic Compounds p: 153 Aromatic was used to described some fragrant compounds in early 19th century Not correct: later they are grouped by chemical behavior(unsaturated compounds that undergo substitution rather than addition Current: distinguished from aliphatic compounds by electronic configuration

p.91 3.1 Naming alkenes 1. Name the parent hydrocarbon, find the longest carbon chain that contains the double bond.命名母体

The analysis of the outcome of a reaction requires that we know the full structure of the products as well as the reactants In the 1 gth and early 20th centuries, structures

11. Carbonyl Alpha Substitution reactions and condensations

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY The first question we need to ask ourselves s What is“ Organic Chemistry\?

1.识记:呼吸作用的定义:呼吸作用的类型:呼吸速率、呼吸底物和呼吸商的概念:进行呼吸的细胞器一一线粒体;有氧呼吸的含义;氧化磷酸化、呼吸链的概念 2.领会:有氧呼吸的重要生理意义;有氧呼吸与无氧呼吸的区别与联系;进行有氧呼吸的重要步骤;呼吸作用与内外条件的关系:呼吸作用是各种有机物代谢的枢纽

第九章膜分离法 (Membrane Seprartion 一、概述 定义——在一定压力条件下,溶液中各组成选择性透过一半透性薄膜而达到分离纯化的过程。 ·发展史(1748年发现;1850年天然膜应用;1864年第一张人工无机膜—亚铁氰化铜诞生;1930有机膜出现)。 ·特点—均相分离、无相变;无需加入化学物质;浓缩与纯化同时进行

第七章吸附分离法 一、概述 定义:利用固体特有的吸附特性,从 液体中吸附目标物,再用适当的洗脱剂将 其解吸达到分离纯化的过程。 特点:浓缩倍数高;有机溶剂用量少 ;pH变化小;操作简便、安全、设备简单 等。 应用:广泛应用于生物、制药、食品 、化工、环保及电子等