Signaling games are used to model the following situation: Player 1, the Sender, receives some private information and sends a message m E M to Player 2, the Receiver. The latter, in turn, observes m but not 0, and chooses response r E R. Players'payoffs depend on 0, m and r. What could be simpler? Yet, there is a huge number of economically interesting games that fit nicely within this framework: Spence's job market signaling model is the leading example, but applications abound in IO (limit pricing, disclosure...) finance (security design) and political economics
One of the merits of the notion of sequential equilibrium is the emphasis on out-of- equilibrium beliefs-that is, on beliefs (about past and future play)at information sets that should not be reached if given equilibrium is played. The key insight of extensive-form analysis is that out-of-equilibrium beliefs deter. mine equilibrium behavior. For instance, consider the simple two-stage entry deter- rence game in which potential entrant decides whether to enter a market or stay out, and the incumbent decides whether to fight or acquiesce after the entrant's move
Ampere's Circuital Law Example: Long Cylindrical Conductor Example: Toroidal Coil Example: Refraction of Lines of B at a Current Sheet Short Solenoid The Curl of B
Magnetization M The Equivalent Surface Current Density The Equivalent Volume Current Denisity Calculation of Magnetic Fields in Material Magnetic Field Intensity Ampere's Circuit Law Magnetic Susceptibility, Permeability Magnetization Curve Hysterisis
