NEW WORDS AND PHRASES personalize[pa: sanal a iz]v.使个人化 convenient[kan'vi: n an t]a.便利的,方便的 rapidity[ra' p i d i t i]n.快,迅速 severe[si'via]a.严格的,严重的 estrict[ris' trik t]v.限制,约束 vary[' v Ear I]v.改变,变化,不同
1. Historical Background Before 1860 the United States had begun to change into an industrial and urban society. In the years preceding the Civil War relatively few volumes of imaginative literature were published in the Us. But as the century progressed
It is often stated by those in the meat and refrigeration industries that 'anyone can measure a temperature. Many millions of measurements are made of both meat and environmental temperatures in the meat industry. However, in many cases the measurements made are an unreliable guide to the effectiveness of the refrigeration process. Even when the correct tem- peratures have been obtained the data are often poorly analysed and rarely acted upon
1.1 Information science Definition of information Science Information Science is a trans-disciplinary science with information as its object in study; the laws in information process as its content information methodology as its approach; and the strengthening human information functions particularly the intellectual ability, as its goal
The Global environment oIn the past, managers have viewed the global sector as closed Each country or market was assumed to be isolated from others Firms did not consider global competition, exports oToday's environment is very different managers need to view it as an open market Organizations buy and sell around the world Managers need to learn to compete globally Irwin/McGraw-Hill CThe McGran-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000
Motivation oDefined as the psychological forces within a person that determine: 1) direction of behavior in an organization; 2) the effort or how hard people work 3) the persistence displayed in meeting goals. Intrinsic Motivation: behavior performed for its own sake
What is FBG? An in-fibre Bragg grating is constructed by varying the refractive index of the core lengthwise along the fibre. Light of the specified wavelength traveling along the fibre is reflected from the grating back in the direction from which it came. Wavelengths which are not selected are passed through with little or no attenuation
