When designing a fermenter, one primary consideration is the removal of heat. There is a practical limit to the square feet of cooling surface that can be achieved from a tank jacket and the amount of coils that can be placed inside the tank. The three sources of heat to be removed are from the cooling of media after batch sterilization, from the exothermic fermentation process

Specific nutritional requirements of microorganisms used in industrial fermentation processes are as complex and varied as the microorganisms in question. Not only are the types of microorganisms diverse (bacteria, molds and yeast, normally), but the species and strains become very specific as to their requirements

Fluid mixing is essential in fermentation processes. Usually the most critical steps in which mixers are used are in the aerobic fermentation process. However, mixers are also used in many auxiliary places in the fermentation process and there are places also for agitation in anaerobic fermentation steps

The introduction of fluidfoil impellers, as shown in Fig. 9a through 9f, give a wide variety of mixing conditions suitable for high flow and low fluid shear rates. Fluidfoil impellers use the principles developed in airfoil work in wind tunnels for aircraft. Figure 10a shows what is desirable, which is no form separation of the fluid, and maximum lift and drag coefficients, which is what one is trying to achieve with the fluidfoil impellers. Figure 10b shows

A common problem for a biochemical engineer is to be handed a microorganism and be told he has six months to design a plant to produce the new fermentation product. Although this seems to be a formidable task, with the proper approach this task can be reduced to a manageable level. There are many ways to approach the problem of optimization and design of a fermentation process

3.0 BIOREACTORS FOR PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURES fly Shinsaku Takayama) 3.1 Background of the Technique-Historical Overview HaberlandtL'] first reported plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures in 1902. He separated plant tissues and attempted to grow them in a simple nutrient medium. He was able to maintain these cells in a culture medium for

Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook microorganisms, mammalian cells, plant cells, and tissue. It is our sincere hope that the reader will find this chapter helpful in determining the best conditions for cultivation and the collection of scale-up data. Hopehlly, this knowledge will, in turn, facilitate the transformation of worthwhle research

基因工程原理在食品科学中的应用 发酵工程在食品工业中的应用 酶工程在食品中的应用 细胞工程在食品工业中的应用 蛋白质工程和分子进化工程 生物技术与食品安全与品质控制 转基因食品

• 现代生物技术概况 • 基因工程与环境污染治理 • 细胞工程与环境污染治理 • 酶学工程与环境污染治理 • 发酵工程与环境污染治理 • 生态工程与污水处理系统

第二章生物制药工艺技术基础 第一节生物材料与生物活性物质 一、生物材料的来源 供生产生物药物的生物资源主要有动物、植物、微生物的组织、器官、细胞与代谢产物。应用动植物细胞培养与微生物发酵技术也是获得生物制药原料的重要途径。基因工程技术与细胞工程技术和酶工程技术更是开发生物制药资源的新途径。 (一)动物脏器 (1)胰脏(激素、酶、多肽、核酸、多糖、氨基酸等 (2)脑脑磷脂、肌醇磷脂、经磷脂、经肽等)