Privatization and Self-Regulation as Tropes of Global Media Restructuring There is a power to language itself in affecting media reform around the world. The field of media regulation is filled with examples of strong ideas, encapsulated in words and phrases, that have an enormous impact on legislative transformation, and the export of which seems a characteristic of globalization. Just think of the ideology-laden tropes
(Harvard University and NBER) October 1, 2002 Abstract There are two di erent types of media bias. One bias, which we refer to as ideology, re ects a news outlet's desire to a ect reader opinions in a particular direction. The second bias, which we refer to as spin
During the twentieth century, virtually all western democracies saw growing media concentration as a threat to freedom of the press and to democracy. Most adopted laws to support press diversity, whether through competition (antitrust and media specific) laws or subsidy arrangements, often subsidies targeted specifically to support weaker competing
We examine the patterns of media ownership in 97 countries around the world. We find that almost universally the largest media firms are owned by the government or by private families. Government ownership is more pervasive in broadcasting than in the printed media. Government ownership of the media is generally associated with less press freedom, fewer political and economic
