第一节垄断竞争的性质和特点 一、垄断竞争的性质和定义 对垄断竞争的假定介于完全竞争和完全垄断之间,是一种既有竞 争因素又有垄断因素,即竞争和垄断相结合的市场结构。 与完全竞争相比,垄断竞争行业中各厂商的产品是差异产品,不能 完全替代;厂商的进入没有障碍。产品的差异是导致垄断与竞争相结 合的一个重要的原因

Readers are reminded that this work is protected by copyright. While they are free to use the ideas expressed in it, they may not copy distribute or publish the work or part of it, in any form, printed, electronic or otherwise, except for reasonable quoting, clearly indicating the source. Readers are permitted to make copies, electronically or printed, for personal and classroom use

School of Law, University of Glasgow Readers are reminded that this work is protected by copyright. While they are free to use the ideas expressed in it, they may not copy, distribute or publish the work or part of it, in any form, printed, electronic or otherwise, except for reasonable quoting, clearly indicating the source. Readers are permitted to make copies, electronically or printed, for personal and classroom use

This volume is an attempt to explore the value of rational-choice analysis for the study of international law. As the editors suggest, the field of international law has been quite resistant to rational-choice analysis. It is important to recognize, however, that the enterprise of which this volume is an example is not new. Political scientists have used

Ryan McGonigle Readers are reminded that this work is protected by copyright. While they are free to use the ideas expressed in it, they may not copy distribute or publish the work or part of it, in any form, printed, electronic or otherwise, except for reasonable quoting, clearly indicating the

Readers are reminded that this work is protected by copyright. While they are free to use the ideas expressed in it, they may not copy, distribute or publish the work or part of it in any form, printed, electronic or otherwise, except for reasonable quoting, clearly indicating the source. Readers are permitted to make copies, electronically or printed, for personal and classroom use

1本章学习目的 通过本章的学习,要重点掌握沉降和过滤这两种机械分离 操作的原理、过程计算、典型设备的结构与特性,能够根 据生产工艺要求,合理选择设备类型和尺寸。 2本章应掌握的内容 a沉降分离(包括重力沉降和离心沉降)的原理、过程计 算、旋风分离器的选型

利用气体在液体中溶解度的差异而分离气体混合物的单元操作称为吸收。当气体混 合物与液体接触,混合物中被溶解的部分进入液相形成溶液,不被溶解的部分则留在气 相,气体混合物得到分离。吸收操作中所用的液体称为溶剂(吸收剂),以S表示;混合 气体中能溶解的部分称为溶质(或吸收质,A表示,不能溶解的组分称为情性组分(或 载体),B表示;吸收操作所得的溶液称为吸收液,排出的气体称为吸收尾气,吸收过程 在吸收塔中进行,逆流操作吸收塔示意图如下

1.本章的核心及分析方法 本节将介绍考虑桩与桩侧土共同抵抗外荷载作用时桩身的内力计算,从而解 决桩的强度问题。重点是桩受横轴向力时的内力计算问题。 桩在横轴向荷载作用下桩身的内力和位移计算,国内外学者提出了许多方 法。目前较为普遍的是桩侧土采用文克尔假定,通过求解挠曲微分方程,再结 合力的平衡条件,求出桩各部位的内力和位移,该方法称为弹性地基梁法

4.4版权的保护 4.4.1版权的概述 版权(作者权、著作权):是基于特定作品 的精神权利以及全面支配该作品并享受其利益 的经济权利的合称