Introduction: Weathering The Breakdown of Rock At the Earth's surface, rocks are exposed to the effects of weathering: the chemical alteration and mechanical breakdown of rock, when exposed to air, moisture, and organic matter. Weathering is an integral part of the rock cycle. Weathering converts rock to regolith

Introduction: Earth's' Internal-- Thermal Engine Magma is molten rock beneath Earth's surface. Because liquid magma is less dense than surrounding solid rock, and obviously more mobile, magma, once formed, rises toward the surface. Magma that reaches the surface does so by erupting through vents we call volcanoes

Introduction: What Is an Igneous rock? Igneous rocks vary greatly. Some contain large mineral grains. Others contain grains so small they can barely be seen under a high power microscope. Igneous rocks also vary greatly in color. All igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma

Plate Tectonics From Hypothesis to Theory Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that explains two centuries of often puzzling observations and hypotheses a bout our planet Earth. a The continents are drifting very slowl across the face of our planet Continental drift is a concept with a long history

Earth's Internal Structure When a meteorite impacts a planet or moon, its energy of motion (called kinetic energy)is transformed into heat energy. As Earth grew larger and larger from continual impacts, its temperature increased. Radioactive decay of materials like uranium, thorium and potassium also added heat

Syllabus of Physical Geology Chapter 1 meet planet earth Chapter 2: Global Tectonics, Our Dynamic Planet oChapter 3: Atoms, Elements, Minerals, Rocks: EarthsBuilding materials Chapter 4: Igneous Rocks: Product of Earth's Internal fire Chapter 5: Magma And volcanoes Chapter 6: Weathering and soils Chapter 7: Sediments and Sedimentary rocks Chapter 8: Metamorphism and Metamorphic rock Chapter 9: How rock Bends, Buckles, and Breaks Chapter 10: Earthquakes and Earth's Interior Chapter 11: Geologic Time And The rock record Chapter 12: The Earth Through Time

1. 丰度和克拉克值的概念 2. 元素在地壳中的分布 3. 元素的分配规则 4. 名词概念 5. Bowen反应系列 6. 岩浆岩分类 7. 沉积岩 8. 变质岩 9. 三大岩类的区别

6.4.1地下水的来源 6.4.2地下水的赋存状态 6.4.3地下水的运动 6.4.4地下水的开发与利用 6.4.5地下水的地质作用 6.4.6泉

1. 从地心说到日心说 2. 太阳系的轨道特性 3. Titius-Bode 定则 4.太阳 5. 太阳系中的行星 6. 陨石 7. 撞击的效果 8. 角动量分配异常 9. 太阳系起源假说及其发展

1.构造运动方向性与地质构造 2. 构造运动的研究方法 3. 构造运动的空间分布规律 4. 槽台学说及其大陆构造学派 5. 岩浆作用 6. 变质作用 7. 地震