1 Equivalence Relations 【Definition】A relation R is defined on a set S if for every pair of elements (a, b), a, b S, a R b is either true or false. If a R b is true, then we say that a is related to b
3.1 Preface 1. data object--- a set of instances or values for example: Boolean={ false,true} Digit={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} Letter={A, B, ....., a,b, ..... Z} NaturalNumber= {0, 1,2, ..... Integer={0,+1,-1,+2,-2,+3,-3,} String={a,, ..... ,aa, ab, ac