Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Fourth Edition David L. Nelson (U. of Wisconsin-Madison) Michael. Cox(U. of Wisconsin-Madison) 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry 1.1 Cellular Foundations 1.2 Chemical Foundations 1.3 Physical Foundations 1.4 Genetic Foundations 1.5 Evolutionary Foundations

2.1 Weak Interactions in Aqueous Systems 47 and titration curves, and consider how aqueous solu 2.2 lonization of Water. Weak Acids, and tions of weak acids or bases and their salts act as buffers Weak Bases 60 against pH changes in biological systems. The water 2.3 Buffering against pH Changes in Biological

5.1 Reversible Binding of a Protein to a Ligan proteins interact with other molecules and how their in- Oxygen-Binding Proteins 158 orotein structure. The 5.2 Complement protein's func- and Ligands: The Immune Immunoglobulins 174 5.3 Protein Interactions Modulated by Actin, Myosin, and

8.1 Some Basics 273 quence in the cells DNA. A segment of a DNA molecule 8.2 Nucleic Acid Structure 275 that contains the information required for the synthesis 8.3 Nucleic Acid Chemistry 291 8.4 Other Functions of Nucleotides 300 the only known func- Watson

he third and final part of this book explores the bio￾chemical mechanisms underlying the apparently con￾tradictory requirements for both genetic continuity and the evolution of living organisms. What is the molecular nature of genetic material? How is genetic information transmitted from one generation

7.1 Monosaccharides and Disaccharides 239 att 7.2 Polysaccharides 247 mine the intracellular location or metabolic fate of these hybrid molecules, called glycoconjugates. This chap- 7.3 Glycoconjugates: Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins

True: Growing and dividing cells need to use substrate to provide energy and materials for growth, maintenance and product formation. In immobilised (non-growing) systems the energy and materials are only required for cell maintenance and product formation

Contents How to use an open learning text Preface 1 An introduction to biotechnological innovations Industry G. Mijnbeek and C. K. Leach 2 Biocatalyst in organic chemical synthesis R O. Jenkins

Preface The BIOTOL series of texts are designed to provide a self-study resource concerning the principles, practices and applications of biotechnology. This text is designed to explain how biotechnology may be applied to solve problems encountered in the production and use of organic chemicals in a wide

3. Introduction 3.2 Relationships between product formation and growth 3.3 Determination of maintenance energy requirement and maximum