7.1 concept learning 7.1.1 concept A concept is a category under which specific elements may be grouped.e.g. a red ball, a red pencil, and a red chair are all instances of the simple concept “red”. An “even number” is defined as any integer（整数） that is divisible by two without a remainder, and that an “odd number” is one that is not evenly(均匀地） divisible by two

Memory strategies 1 Acronyms and Acrostics: (for information involving key words) An acronym is an invented combination of letters. Each letter is a cue to an idea you need to remember. Example: BRASS is an acronym for how to shoot a rifle--Breath, Relax, Aim, Sight, Squeeze

10.1 What is transfer of learning? consider the two students: Henry is bilingual:He speaks both English and Spanish fluently.He begins a French course in high school and immediately recognizes many similarities between French and Spanish. “Aha,”he thinks, “my knowledge of Spanish will help me learn French”. Ted’s mathematics class has been working with decimals for several weeks. His teacher asked, “which number is larger, 4.4 or 4.14?” Ted recalls something that he knows about whole numbers: Number with three digits are larger than numbers with only two digits. “The larger number is 4.14”, he concludes

一、什么是口语交际教学 口语交际就是交际双方为了一定的 目的，运用口头语言，采用一定的方 法，进行思想交流的言语活动。 口语交际教学就是在教师的指导 下，通过具体生动的交际情景、交际 活动的设置和开展，培养学生口语表 达水平及交际能力的教学活动

提出的背景 我们留下一个什么样的世界给子孙后代，在很大程度上取决于我们给世界留下什么样的子孙后代。（马约尔） 语文的外延与生活的外延相等。（华特·科勒涅斯）

一、习作教学的意义 《语文课程标准》指出：“写作是运用语言文字进行 表达和交流的重要方式，是认识世界、认识自我，进行 创造性表述的过程。写作能力是语文素养的综合体现

一、什么是语文课程评价 评价：即通过一定的方法、途径 对某一事物或某一问题作出客观描述 和价值判断的过程。 格朗兰德：评价=测量（量的记述） 或非测量（质的记述）+价值判断

一、语文教学策略 （一）制定课堂教学目标的策略 （二）优化教学过程的策略 （三）建立有效教学方式的策略 （四）选择教学方法的策略

Learning strategies are specific methods of learning information that help them learn and remember things. The four commonly observed trends in the development of learning strategies (1)rehearsal increases during the elementary school years. It is rare in kindergarten children but increases in frequency and effectiveness throughout the elementary school years

Constructivism are based on the idea that, unlike a computer disk or an empty container, students do not wait passively to be filled up with knowledge. Rather, students actively build, or construct, their own knowledge.Teachers cannot entirely control their students’ learning, expert teachers can do much to facilitate students’ own active learning processes