一、教学目的（掌握、熟悉、了解的具体内容） 1、掌握肾脏的生理功能。 2、掌握肾脏疾病的诊断与评估方法。 3、熟悉肾脏疾病的症状学。 4、了解肾脏疾病的治疗

一、教学目的（掌握、熟悉、了解的具体内容） 掌握本病的临床表现、分型、诊断及鉴别诊断及并发症等，掌握缓解期、急性发作期和重度哮喘的治疗，熟悉本病的发病原理

General Considerations Disorders of hemostasis defects in platelet number or function problems in fibrin clot (coagulation) Bleeding due to platelet disorders is typically mucosal or dermatologic include epistaxis, gum bleeding, menorrhagia, gastrointestinal bleeding, purpura, and petechiae

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition involving a variety of cells including eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and epithelial cells of the airway, as well as cellular elements， which gives rise to the increase of airway hyper-reactivity. Extensive changeable and reversible ventilation restriction is common and can cause recurrent tachypnea, feeling of out of breath, and coughing

一、吸烟 大于80% 的肺癌发病与吸烟有关 死亡相对危险度较不吸烟者高15-20倍 二、被动吸烟 25% 的不吸烟者肺癌与其有关

定义：由于炎症、粘液样变性、退行性改变、 先天性畸形、缺血性坏死、创伤、结缔组织疾 病等原因引起的单个或多个瓣膜结构（包括瓣 叶、瓣环、腱索或乳头肌）的功能或结构异常， 导致瓣口狭窄或关闭不全为主要临床表现的一 组心脏病

General Considerations Disorders of hemostasis defects in platelet number or function problems in fibrin clot (coagulation) Bleeding due to platelet disorders is typically mucosal or dermatologic include epistaxis, gum bleeding, menorrhagia, gastrointestinal bleeding, purpura, and petechiae

What is critical care medicine？ Multidisciplinary healthcare specialty cares for patients with acute, life￾threatening illness or injury which including continuum of life support from the scene through discharge Coordinated care systems, analysis of treatment options, protocols, guidelines for the care of individual patients

一、诊所血压：标准测量方式。方便，常用 二、24小时动态血压：使用国际标准的装置 三、考虑：诊所血压变化大；与自测血压相差明显；低危者；疑有治疗抵抗；研究需要

一、教学目的（掌握、熟悉、了解的具体内容） 1． 熟悉本病的发病机制和病理，着重肺动脉高压形成的机制 2． 掌握慢性肺源性心脏病代偿期与失代偿的临床表现、诊断方法及急性加重期的具体治疗措施