To develop a subclass from a superclass through inheritance (§8.2). To invoke the superclass’s constructors and methods using the super keyword (§8.3). To override methods in the subclass (§8.4). To explore the useful methods (equals(Object), hashCode(), toString(), finalize(), clone(), and getClass()) in the Object class (§8.5, §8.11 Optional). To comprehend polymorphism, dynamic binding, and generic programming (§8.6). To describe casting and explain why explicit downcasting is necessary (§8.7). To understand the effect of hiding data fields and static methods (§8.8 Optional). To restrict access to data and methods using the protected visibility modifier (§8.9). To declare constants, unmodifiable methods, and nonextendable class using the final modifier (§8.10). To initialize data using initialization blocks and distinguish between instance initialization and static initialization blocks (§8.12 Optioanl)
