在完成系统测试工作以后，即可将其交付使用， 整个交付过程也可以称作是系统切换过程，在这个过程中要 选择切换的方式；要进行用户的操作培训、完成数据的转换 等各项工作，在新系统投入运行的使用过程中要做好系统的 维护、审核等工作。本章针对这些内容做一系统介绍

系统测试至少占据了制作过程的一半工作量，是成功地开发信息系统的重要保证之一。本章将对系统测试的方法和技术做一系统地介绍

一、确定系统中的对象 二、确定对象的属性及操作 三、测试对象的有效性 四、区分对象和类 五、说出面向对象的编程和过程化编程之间的区别 六、解释封装的主要好处 七、列出软件开发的主要步骤

What do you think the eigenvectors of the element stiff- ness matrix represent? 1. a basis in which the stiffness matrix would be diago- nal (if rotated to that basis) 2. a set of nodal displacements for the element corre-

Concept Question Which of the following statements is correct? Uo=U for ALL elastic materials(1 Uo=OijEij-U0 ONLY for linear elastic materials Jo=-ijEii for a nonlinear elastic material Statements(1) and 3)

Which of the following statements is correct? 1. The PVD only applies to linear elastic materials 2. The PVD applies only to elastic materials, but they can be linear or non-linear 3. The PVD applies regardless of the constitutive behavior of the material

Unit #10- Principle of minimum potential energy and Castigliano's First Theorem Principle of minimum potential energy The principle of virtual displacements applies regardless of the constitutive law. Restrict attention to elastic materials(possibly nonlinear). Start from the Pvd

Why is the element stiffness matrix singular in a finite element formulation? 1. So that it can accomodate rigid element dis- placements without introducing spurious nodal 2 Because we made a mistake in the formula- tion the stiffness matrix should not be sin- g 3. Because we havent enforced any displace ment boundary conditions(it's a variational approach after all) Statement(1)

Constitutive Law(6 equations, O unknowns) C Bound dary conditions of two types Traction or natural boundary conditions: For tractions t imposed on the portion of the surface of the body aBt Displacement or essential boundary conditions: For displacement

For the potato-shaped body given in class to explain the concept of stress, the field of stress vectors t(n)=t(n)(x)on the plane of normal n given by its cartesian components(1,0, 0) known and its cartesian components are given by the expression