Let us first define a linear element as passive element that has a linear voltage-current relationship

We define the unit-step forcing function as a function which is zero for all values of argument which are less than zero and which is unity(1) for all positive values of its argument

The complete response is written as the sum of the forced and the natural response, and the initial conditions are then determined and applied to the complete response to find the values of the constants

We define the ratio of the phasor voltage to the phasor current as impedance

In this chapter we will extend the concepts which have been presented in the preceding chapter so as to develop general methods of phasor analysis for circuits which are under conditions of sinusoidal steady-state excitation. The methods are very similar to those for resistance circuits which were presented in Chap.2

In this chapter we will introduce an important frequency is that network function or parameter reaches a maximum value. In certain simple a networks, this occurs when an impedance or admittance is purely real-a condition known as resonance

In this chapter we continue our introduction to circuit analysis by studying periodic functions in both the time and frequency domains. Any periodic function may be represented as the sum of an infinite number of sine and cosine functions which are harmonically related. The response of the linear network to the general periodic forcing function may be obtained by superposing the partial responses

I Consider the graph shown in Fig. 15-15. Denote the tree made up of b 6, bs, and b, by t (a)Find all the fundamental loops of this graph corresponding to T (b) Find all the fundamental cutsets of this graph corresponding to t (c) Write the incidence matrix of this graph choose n 4 as the datum

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAPmay be defined as the enclosure of food products in gas-barrier materials in which the gaseous environment has been changed'(Young et al., 1988 Because of its substantial shelf-life extending effect, MAP has been one of the most significant and innovative growth areas in retail food packaging. The potential advantages and disadvantages of MAP have been presented by Farber (1991), Parry(1993) and Davies (1995). Whilst there is considerable information available regarding suitable gas mixtures for different food products, there is still a lack of scientific detail regarding many aspects relating to MAP. These include:

Alexander Hamiton (1755~1804) Encarta Encyclopedia, Hulton Deutsch One of the boldest American political thinkers of his time. Hamilton developed the doctrine of implied powers, which supports liberal interpretation of the U.S Constitution. He also served as the nation's first secretary of the treasury