Effects of Policies on Real Ex--rate 1. Home fiscal policy (expansionary) →S→(S-)↓ → Domestic currency invested abroad↓ Domestic currency appreciates → Nominal ex--rate↑ → Real ex--rate↑(if prices do not change) Domestic goods become more expensive → Exports↓& imports↑

Interest-Rate Differentials Country risk&ex -rate- expectations Country risk Political upheaval default on loan repayments higher i-rate to compensate Ex-rate expectations expect RMB to appreciate loans in RMB can pay a lower i-rate

Microeconomics behind Macroeconomics Consumption Investment Money and Advances in business cycle model

Money Supply 100%-reserve banking Fractional-reserve banking

Topics Finish the assignment from last class Clarification for 4 questions from last class Demand for goods and services Equilibrium and the interest rate

Definition Inflation The overall increase in prices Hyperinflation: extraordinary high inflation

How the sr and lr differ In the Lr, prices are flexible and can respond to changes in S or D. In the Sr many prices are stuck at some predetermined level In the sr, monetary policy does have a potent effect on output and employment

Questions from Last Lecture Demand for money↑ =)=l ,Y) ↑ while fixed →l(r,y: hold& to balance the pressure ofd↑; hold,↑ to balance

1.判断正误并简要说明理由(30分) （1)名义汇率的变动都产生于物价变动,因此,通胀率相对较高的国家货币相对便宜。 名义汇率不仅受物价还受真实汇率影响,所以名义汇率变动不都产生于物价变动

判断正误并说明理由。(每题4分) 1.财政政策的内在时滞比货币政策长。(Mankiw P3345) 正确。1分