I Systems Microbiology(13 Lectures 7hece∥ as a we∥}- stirred boc/ nem/ca/ reactor Introduction 2 Chemical kinetics, Equilibrium binding, cooperativity L3 Lambda phage L4 Stability analysis L5-6 Genetic switches

Alternative views on gradient sensing Postma and van hastert. 'a diffusion-translocation model for gradient sensing by chemotactic cells Biophys.J.81,1314(2001) Levchenko and Iglesias. Models of eukaryotic gradient sensing: applications to chemotaxis of amoeba and neutrophils

Review Turing-Gierer-Meinhardt models Local excitation, global inhibition 22r+hq

Wrapping up E coli chemotaxis (L7& L8) Main points of last 2 lectures L7: Biological background what is the function of the individual molecules L8: modeling of all possible chemotactic reactions why doesn't this model reproduce experimentally observed perfect adaptation

L14: 14 Lectures past and 1 1 to go Part 'The cell as a well-stirred bioreactor topICs Lambda phage lysis-lysogeny switch Synthetic genetic switch Switches as memory storage Chemotaxis: perfect adaptation or not? Synthetic genetic oscillators

Mathematical basis of stability analysis =f(x,y) system of two coupled differential equations y=g(x,y) step 1 find nullclines and fixed point(s)

ntroducing… ecture Recitations TR1:00-2:30PM W4:00-5:00PM Alexander van Oudenaarden juan pedraza

基本概念 免疫学( Immunol ogy): 研究免疫系统静态的结构和功能及动态 免疫应答引起的获得性防御功能及所致疾病 的过程和机制的学科。 研究机体免疫系统的组成(免疫器官、 免疫细胞和免疫分子)、结构及其免疫生物 学(生理性的和病理性的)功能的学科

一、土壤水是作物吸收水分的主要来源,因此是作物生存的重要条件 二、土壤水是土壤内部化学、生物和物理过程不可缺少的介质; 三、土壤水是土壤肥力的重要因素

城市污水经传统的二级处理以后,虽然绝 大部分悬浮固体和有机物被去除了,但还残 留微量的悬浮固体和溶解的有害物,如氮和 磷等化合物。氮磷为植物营养物质,能助长 藻类和水生生物,引起水体的富营养化,影 响饮用水水源