Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920 The genesis and present state of development of the quantum theory If i take it correctly that the duty imposed upon me today is to give a public lecture on my writings, then i believe that this task, the importance of which i am well aware through the gratitude felt towards the noble-minded founder of our Foundation, cannot be more suitably fulfilled than by my trying to give you the story of the origin of the quantum theory in broad outlines and to couple with this, a picture in a small frame of the development of this theory up

Research methods Qualitative Vs quantitative Understanding the relationship between objectives(research question) and variables is critical Information≠Data Information=data analysis Planning in advance is a must To include how data will be analyzed

1. What are the possible decisions that can be made with the use of financial analysis? Answer: Share investment decisions. This includes whether to invest in shares and the type of share (common, preferred). Lending decisions. This includes whether to purchase retractable preferred shares, issue mortgages, buy corporate bonds on the open market, operating line of credit

The planning process Planning is the process used by managers to identify and select goals and courses of action for the organization The organizational plan that results from the planning process details the goals to be attained o The pattern of decisions managers take to reach these goals is the organizations strategy

The Global environment oIn the past, managers have viewed the global sector as closed Each country or market was assumed to be isolated from others Firms did not consider global competition, exports oToday's environment is very different managers need to view it as an open market Organizations buy and sell around the world Managers need to learn to compete globally Irwin/McGraw-Hill CThe McGran-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

BE.410 Spring 2003-Lecture 21 Image removed due to copyright considerations Figure 1 and 2 in Evans, E and A. Yeung Cortical shell-liquid core model for passive flow of liquid-like spherical cells into micropipets Biophysical Journal 56(1): 139-49 July 1989) 和以81mh(m41m如) era rgion incid Arie /dorms a

Entropic elasticity Image removed due to copyright considerations. See Figure 19-50 in: Alberts, Bruce, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th ed. New York: Garland Publishing, 2002 Image may be viewed online at the NIH's PubMed Bookshelf

1 Introduction Background for New methodology Modern natural science methodology is mainly based on matter and energy Even though matter and energy are still necessitate factors in information system, yet the characteristic feature of information systems, particularly the complex ones, is neither matter nor energy but information Without information, the complex information systems, like brain and intelligent life. cannot be understood

1 Fundamentals of Control Theory N. Wiener: Control theory in engineering, whether it is Concerned with Man, animal or machine, can only be regarded as a part of the theory of information [(G) Controller

Problems to be concerned with 1. How should we define the concept of Information 2. What are the typical features of Information compared with matter and energy 3. What are the relationship and difference between Shannon Information and comprehensive Information 4. How to reasonably classify Information 5. How to properly represent Information