ECENOMIC S Business fluctuations have been a Persistent Feature of Capitalism

ECENOMIC S Gross domestic product can be measured Either as(a) a Flow of Final Products or Equivalently, as(b) a Flow of Costs 1-153

ECENOMIC S U.S. Real gross domestic Product

ECENOMIC S Lorenz Curve shows Income Inequality T137 Figure 19-1 100 Curve of absolute equality Deviation fror absolute equality

Stocks Versus Flows Present Discounted Value The vValue of Bond The Net Present Value Criterion for Capital Investment Decisions

Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? Cost in the Short Run Cost in the Long Run Long-Run Versus Short-Run Cost Curves

Evaluating the Gains and Losses from Government Policies--Consumer and Producer Surplus The Efficiency of a Competitive Market Minimum Prices

Perfectly Competitive Markets Profit Maximization Marginal Revenue, Marginal Cost, and Profit Maximization Choosing output in the Short--run

The Technology of Production Isoquants Production with One Variable Input (Labor) Production with Two Variable Inputs Returns to Scale

一、我国农业产业化经营的发展 农业产业化在本质上是一 种新的经营体制。农业产业化 是以市场为导向,以农户为基 础,以龙头企业或合作经济组 织为依托,以经济效益为中心, 以科技服务为手段,通过将农 业再生产过程的产前、产中、 产后诸环节联接为一个完整的 产业系统,实现种养加、供产 销、贸工农一体化经营