ECENOMIC S We Now Turn to Money: Its Demand and the Role of Banks in Its Supply

ECENOMIC S National Output Determines the Levels of Consumption and Saving

ECENOMIC S Business fluctuations have been a Persistent Feature of Capitalism

ECENOMIC S Gross domestic product can be measured Either as(a) a Flow of Final Products or Equivalently, as(b) a Flow of Costs 1-153

ECENOMIC S U.S. Real gross domestic Product

ECENOMIC S Lorenz Curve shows Income Inequality T137 Figure 19-1 100 Curve of absolute equality Deviation fror absolute equality

Stocks Versus Flows Present Discounted Value The vValue of Bond The Net Present Value Criterion for Capital Investment Decisions

Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? Cost in the Short Run Cost in the Long Run Long-Run Versus Short-Run Cost Curves

1. 异方差的含义和产生的背景 2. 异方差性对模型的影响 3. 异方差性的检验 4. 异方差性补救措施

《微观经济学》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）Chapter 11 寡头垄断 Oligopoly