2.7 Some Important Crystallographic Formulas 1. Zone and zone equation All Planes parellel to common axis [uvw] constitute a (crystal) zone, the [u v w] zone. If (h k l) belongs to zone [u v w], then hukv+=0 2.ifhuk+hw=0,then[uvw] lies in(hk) 3. For cubic crystals, [h (h k)

1. Sing le crystal ver sus po l crystal 1. For single crystals there is only one type of structure with same orientation Single crystals is characterized by anisotropy 2. Polycrystal consists of a lot of grain, small single crystals, With same structure but different orientations. These small single crystals are called grains. The boundaries between them are called grain boundaries

Paulings three rules governing the structure of ionic compounds 1. Anion Coordination polyhedron rule Each cation is surrounded by an anion polyhedron, the distance between anion and cation is r=rt tr, while the cn depends on rt/r

1. Deformation process of polycrystalline materials Deformation process of industrial material consists of three stages Elastic. which is reversible

1. The cause of rotation: Due to constraints, or boundary conditions imposed on the crystal. ll. The rule of rotation:

Edge dislocation 1. Slip (glide) Dislocation motion vs. atom movement. Direction:l⊥讠 Plane:lb(l× Dislocation motion vs. crystal movement. → crystal movement→(dislocation motion)

1. There have no two-phases area in diffusion area, every layer is single-phases 2. Phase's interface moves according to parabola law 3. Phase's width

6.1 要点扫描 6.1.1 金属的弹性变形 6.1.2 单晶体的塑性变形 6.1.3 多晶体的塑性变形与细晶强化 6.1.4 纯金属的塑性变形与形变强化 6.1.5 合金的塑性变形与固溶强化和第二相强化 6.1.6 冷变形金属的纤维强化和变形织构 6.1.7 冷变形金属的回复与再结晶 6.1.8 热变形、蠕变和超塑性 6.1.9 断裂 6.2 难点释疑 6.2.1 从原子间结合力的角度了解弹性变形。 6.2.2 从分子链结构的角度分析粘弹性。 6.2.3 FCC、BCC 和 HCP 晶体中滑移线的区别。 6.2.4 Schmid 定律与取向规则的应用。 6.2.5 孪生时原子的运动特点。 6.2.6 Zn 单晶任意的晶向[uvtw]方向在孪生后长度的变化情况 6.3 解题示范

3.1 要点扫描 3.1.1 扩散定律 3.1.2 扩散方程的解及应用 3.1.3 扩散的微观机制 3.1.4 扩散热力学及影响扩散的因素 3.1.5 反应扩散 3.2 难点释疑 3.2.1 就菲克第一定律，应当注意哪些问题？ 3.2.2 用球对称稳态扩散分析固态相变过程中球形晶核的生长速率 3.2.3 关于一维无穷长系统扩散问题的讨论。 3.2.4 直接换位机制不是扩散的主要机制。 3.2.5 用扩散的微观机制说明空位浓度和晶体稳定性的联系。 3.2.6 部分离子化合物在不同温度下的扩散机制有所不同。 3.2.7 反应扩散（多相扩散）的相关重点问题讨论。 3.3 解题示范 3.4 习题训练

Discrepancies between theory and practice in Deformation. 1. Morphology of the surface in deformation. 2. The great difference between theoretical and actual strength of single crystals (. >>)