What needed? to combine signals and/or to split them multiple ways up to 1000X1000 for WDM LANS three important characteristics Return Loss the amount of power that is reflected and thus lost Insertion LoSs the amount of signal lost in the total transit through the device Excess Loss additional loss of a device

Conceptual models are descriptions of our understanding of system that are used to shape the implementation of solutions to problems. 58 The quality and quantum of innovation that will occur in development of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) strongly depends upon the insights gained from robust conceptual models of components of MAP. In this chapter, we outline a number of simple principles about modified atmosphere(MA) systems that we believe will assist industries that apply MA technology to move beyond the rather

Operations Management Refers to the management of the production system that transforms inputs into finished goods and services o Production system: the way a firm acquires inputs then converts and disposes outputs oOperations managers: responsible for the transformation process from inputs to outputs Operations management seeks to increase the quality

The best known and most widely used active packaging technologies for foods today are those engineered to remove undesirable substances from the headspace of a package through absorption, adsorption or scavenging. To achieve this goal a physical or chemical absorbent or adsorbent is incorporated in the packaging material or added to the package by means of a sachet. In most publications

The packaging sector is an important global industry, representing about 2% of the Gross National Product (GNP) of the developed countries. The value of the packaging industry is about 345 million euros worldwide, of which Europe represents a third. Fifty per cent of this market is packaging for food. Forecasts suggest that the sector will continue to grow in size and importance Many cooking and preservation processes still largely depend on effective packaging, for example canning, aseptic, sous vide and baking processes. Processes such as drying and freezing would be lost without protective packaging after processing to control product exposure to the effects of oxygen light, water vapour, bacterial and other contaminants. However, modern food packaging no longer has just a passive role in protecting and marketing the product. It increasingly has an active role in processing, preservation

Organizational Conflict Conflict exists in situations where goals, interests or values of people are incompatible and they block other's efforts to achieve their goals Some level of conflict is inevitable given the wide range of goals in a firm Some conflict is good for organizational performance Too much causes managers to spend much time responding to conflict

Consumers are the centre of product development in the food industry, directly in the design of consumer products and indirectly in the design of commodity products and industrial products. In industrial product development, the emphasis is on the immediate customer, but consideration needs to be given to the acceptance of the final product by the consumer. It is important in product development to understand basic consumer behaviour and food choice as well as the individual product/consumer relationship(Earle, 1997). Differences among

Prof. Sally Haslanger December 2, 2001 Kantian Ethics (and more on famine) So far we've looked at egoist and utilitarian approaches to ethics. The main objection we considered to egoism was that it failed to accommodate the common sense idea that morality involves a kind of impartiality, at the very least it seems that

Mesh analysis is applicable only to those networks, which are planar. If it is possible to draw the diagram of a circuit on a plane surface in such a way that no branch passes over or under any other branch, then that circuit is said to be planar circuit. (Non-planar-circuit

Leadership Leadership is the process where a person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates and directs their activities to achieve goals. Effective leadership increases the firm' b ability to meet new challenges. Leader: The person exerting the influence Personal Leadership style: the ways leaders choose to influence others Some leaders delegate and support subordinates, others are very authoritarian Managers at all levels have their own Irwin/McGraw-Hill leadership style