13.1 Introduction 13.2 DNA polymerases are the enzymes that make DNA 13.3 DNA synthesis is semidiscontinuous 13.4 Coordinating synthesis of the lagging and leading strands 13.5 The replication apparatus of phage T4 13.6 Creating the replication forks at an origin 13.7 Common events in priming replication at the origin 13.8 Does methylation at the origin regulate initiation? 13.9 Licensing factor controls eukaryotic rereplication

Transcription is very similar to DNA replication but there are some important differencesi 1 RNA is made of ribonucleotides 2. RNA polymerase catalyzes the reaction 3. The synthesized RNa does not remain base-paired to the template DNA strand 4. Less accurate(error rate: 10-4)

第一节DNA复制的基本过程和共同特点 第二节原核生物DNA的复制 第三节真核生物DNA的复制 第四节某些病毒DNA的复制

Similarity of regulation between eukaryotes and prokaryote 1. Principles are the same: signals, activators and repressors, recruitment and allostery, cooperative binding 2. Expression of a gene can be regulated at the similar steps, and the initiation of transcription is the most pervasively regulated step

（一）名词解释 1．米氏常数（Michaelis constant）； 2．寡聚酶（oligomeric enzyme）； 4．变构酶（allosteric enzyme）； 5．同工酶（isozyme）； 6．活性中心（active center）；7. 竞争性抑制作用

第七章 RNA Processing In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, primary RNA transcripts undergo various alteration or processing events to become mature rNAs The three commonest types are: 1, nucleotide removal by nucleases 2. nucleotide addition to the 5-or 3-end 3. nucleotide modification on the base or the sugar

▪ 一. 基因与基因表达的一般概念 ▪ 二. 遗传密码——三联子 ▪ 三．密码子和反密码子的相互作用 ▪ 四．tRNA ▪ 五．AA- tRNA合成酶 ▪ 六. 核糖体 ▪ 七. 信使核糖核酸 ▪ 八、蛋白质的生物合成 ▪ 九、氨基酸及功能蛋白质合成后的修饰 ▪ 十、蛋白质的运输和降解

一、DNA指导下的RNA 的合成：转录 二、转录后RNA的加工 三、RNA指导下DNA的合成：逆转录 四、RNA指导下的RNA的合成：RNA复制

第一节 概 述 Introduction 第二节 糖的无氧分解 Glycolysis 第三节 糖的有氧氧化 Aerobic Oxidation of Carbohydrate 第四节 磷酸戊糖途径 Pentose Phosphate Pathway 第五节 糖原的合成与分解 Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis 第六节 糖异生 Gluconeogenesis 第七节 血糖及其调节 Blood Glucose and The Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentration

第一节 脂类概述 第二节 甘油三酯的代谢 Metabolism of Triglyceride 第三节 磷脂的代谢 Metabolism of Phospholipid 第四节 胆固醇代谢 Metabolism of Cholesterol 第五节 血浆脂蛋白代谢 Metabolism of Lipoprotein