TOPS: Total Optimization Packaging Software. TOPS Pro: allows the packaging professional to size and shape package designs from concept to carton, to intermediate pack, to pallet stacking, to box strength analysis and to truck loading (Figure 17.1)
With a longitudinal axis of steel stirrups and the general failure mode of compression members, bearing capacity; Longitudinal and spiral reinforcement with stirrups failure modes of axial The concept of stability factor and its influencing factors; Analysis of the core concrete strength and strength calculation; Ordinary hoops column, spiral column reinforcement stirrup features and construction requirements
