计算机绘图是把数字化的图形信息输入计算机，进行存贮和处理后控制图形输出设备实 现显示或绘制各种图形。计算机绘图是计算机辅助设计的重要组成部分。计算机绘图从 20 世纪 70 年代开始发展起来，现在已经进入普及化与实用化的阶段

前言 课题一 流体的基本物理性质 课题二 流体静力学 课题三 流体流动的基本概念和方程 课题四 黏性流体的一维流动 课题五 不可压缩流体的二维流动

一、纸料的组成 1、纸料悬浮液体系是由固、液、气三相组成的复杂分散体系。 2、固：主要是纤维、细小纤维，其次是胶料、填料、非纤维添加物 3、液：主要成分是水，此外还有助留剂、助滤剂等 4、气：主要是空气

（一）纸是一种特殊的材料。 纸是由纤维（包括植物纤维和非植物纤维）和非纤维 添加物交织而成的多孔性网状结构薄型材料

Contents Part I Wastewater Engineering 1 Wastewater Engineering: An Overview 2 Constituents in Wastewater 3 Analysis and Selection of Wastewater Flowrates and Constituent Loadings 4 Introduction to Process Analysis and Selection 5 Physical Unit Operation

Solid wastes comprise all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and that are discarded as useless or unwanted. The term solid waste as used in this text is all-inclusive, encompassing the heterogeneous mass of throwaways from the urban community as well as the more homogeneous accumulation of agricultural, industrial, and mineral wastes. This book is focused on the urban setting, where the accumulation of solid wastes is a direct consequence of life

Solid wastes include all solid or semisolid materials that the possessor no longer considers of sufficient value to retain. The management of these waste materials is the fundamental concern of all the activities encompassed in solid waste management—whether the planning level is local, regional or subregional, or state and federal. For this reason, it is important to know as much about municipal solid waste (MSW) as possible. The purpose of this chapter is to identify the sources, types, and composition of solid wastes

The first three types of control devices we consider--gravity settlers, cyclone separators, and electrostatic precipitators--all function by driving the particles to a solid wall, where they adhere to each other to form agglomerates that can be removed from the collection device and disposed of. Although these devices look different from one another, they all use the same general idea and are described by the same general design equations

Important physical characteristics of MSW include specific weight, moisture content, particle size and size distribution, field capacity, and compacted waste porosity. The discussion is limited to an analysis of residential, commercial, and some industrial solid wastes. Note, however, that the fundamentals of analysis presented in this and the following chapter are applicable to all types of solid wastes

地基失稳实例地基内土体中的剪应力超过土的抗剪强度地基失稳的危害： 建筑物倾倒，塌陷