Solid wastes include all solid or semisolid materials that the possessor no longer considers of sufficient value to retain. The management of these waste materials is the fundamental concern of all the activities encompassed in solid waste management—whether the planning level is local, regional or subregional, or state and federal. For this reason, it is important to know as much about municipal solid waste (MSW) as possible. The purpose of this chapter is to identify the sources, types, and composition of solid wastes

The safe and reliable long-term disposal of solid waste residues is an important component of integrated waste management. Solid waste residues are waste components that are not recycled, that remain after processing at a materials recovery facility, or that remain after the recovery of conversion products and/or energy. Historically, solid waste has been placed in the soil in the earth's surface or deposited in the oceans. Although ocean dumping of municipal solid waste was officially abandoned in the United States in 1933, it is now argued that many of the wastes now placed in landfills or on land could be used

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are liquids or solids that contain organic carbon (carbon bonded to carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, or sulfur, but not carbonate carbon as in CaCO3 nor carbide carbon as in CaC2 or CO or CO2), which vaporize at significant rates. VOCs are probably the second-most widespread and diverse class of emissions after particulates

Important physical characteristics of MSW include specific weight, moisture content, particle size and size distribution, field capacity, and compacted waste porosity. The discussion is limited to an analysis of residential, commercial, and some industrial solid wastes. Note, however, that the fundamentals of analysis presented in this and the following chapter are applicable to all types of solid wastes

The first three types of control devices we consider--gravity settlers, cyclone separators, and electrostatic precipitators--all function by driving the particles to a solid wall, where they adhere to each other to form agglomerates that can be removed from the collection device and disposed of. Although these devices look different from one another, they all use the same general idea and are described by the same general design equations

1.酵母菌的生但考试普遍成绩下降,请各位 2.什么是霉菌:同学积极重视课后复习! 3.霉菌有哪些典型的种属? 4什么是原生动物?在水处理中主要是哪些纲? 5.肉足虫和滴虫的出现表示污泥的驯化程度如何? 6.纤毛虫分为哪四种?草履虫和钟虫属于哪一纲?他们大量出现各说明污泥驯化程度如何?

第三节真菌 一、真—真核生物 二、菌类似细菌(细胞壁、化能异养) 三、(真核微生物还包括真核藻类和原生动物) 四、不象植物(细胞壁不含纤维素,不含叶绿素), 五、不象动物(不能捕食生物)

提纲 一、其他原核微生物 二、原核生物界放线菌、丝状菌(铁细菌、化能硫细菌、球衣菌) 三、真核微生物 四、真核原生界:真菌(霉菌、酵母菌)、藻类、原生动物 五、动物界:后生动物 六、病毒界 七、微生物的相互关系 八、利(共生、互生)害(寄生、拮抗)

1.X、y射线的杀菌机理是什么? 2.氧化剂的杀菌机理是什么? 3.福尔马林的主要成分是什么? 4.乙醇杀菌机理是什么?其最佳杀菌浓度是多少? 5.青霉素的抗菌机理是什么? 6.直接计数法的特点是什么?有哪些具体方法?

第四章大气污染的控制与治理 第一节颗粒污染物的分离方法 大气污染物主要来源于工业废气的排放,可以采用各种方法控制和治理废气。按废气来源分 类可分为工艺生产尾气治理方法、燃料燃烧废气治理方法、汽车尾气治理方法等;按废气中污染 物的物理形态可分为颗粒污染物治理(除尘)方法和气态污染物治理方法