一、什么是决策 1、决策及决策系统 2、决策的特点 3、决策与预测 4、决策与管理 5、决策科学 三、决策的基本原则 四、决策的种类 五、决策的程序 六、决策的发展趋势

本课程是计算机科学与技术专业的核心课程之一,是主干必修课。 本课程的教学宗旨和目标是:从计算机的基本概念、基本组成及基本功能着手,对 计算机的各个基本组成部件及控制单元的工作原理进行讨论,使学生掌握有关软、硬件 的基本知识,尤其是各基本组成部件有机连接构成整机系统的方法,为培养学生对计算 机系统的分析

目前我国节水工作仍存在以下十不够:一是节水理论不够清晰:二是节水目标不够明 三是节水规划不够系统:四是节水工作重点不够突出:五是节水法律监督机制不够健 全:六是节水市场激励机制不够完善:七是节水的科技进步不够及时:八是节水管理体制 不够集中有力;九是节水投入不够大:十是节水宣传不够科学。大多数方面都是“很不 够”。目前,党中央和国务院对节水高度重视。“节水”已经开始深入人心,老幼皆知, 但在社会上基本上是一种无序状态,在政府部门间还没有形成合力

主要表视为周围对称性的多 关节慢性炎症性疾病,关节外的 系统性损害。其病理为关节的滑 膜炎、关节畸形、患者血清中出 现类风湿性因子,是一种自身免 疫性疾病。在我国发病率约为 0.3%,若得不到及时诊断和早期 合理治疗,可导致关节破坏,造 成不同程度的残疾

1 Introduction Background for New methodology Modern natural science methodology is mainly based on matter and energy Even though matter and energy are still necessitate factors in information system, yet the characteristic feature of information systems, particularly the complex ones, is neither matter nor energy but information Without information, the complex information systems, like brain and intelligent life. cannot be understood

Problems to be concerned with 1. How should we define the concept of Information 2. What are the typical features of Information compared with matter and energy 3. What are the relationship and difference between Shannon Information and comprehensive Information 4. How to reasonably classify Information 5. How to properly represent Information

1. Information Processing Definition of Information processing All operations exerted to the information itself for its better utilization Information processing is necessary because most of the information in its original form may not be good for use. Thus information processing is the basis of later operations Two categories of information processing: 1)Shallow Level of Information Processing 2)Deeper level of Information Processing

3-1 Measures of Random Syntactic Information Shannon Theory of Information Key point: 1. Information is something that can be used to remove uncertainty. 2. The amount of information can then be measured by the amount of uncertainty it removed. 3. In the cases of communications, only waveform is concerned while meaning and value are ignored. 4. Uncertainty and thus information are statistic in nature and statistical mathematics is enough

1.1 Information science Definition of information Science Information Science is a trans-disciplinary science with information as its object in study; the laws in information process as its content information methodology as its approach; and the strengthening human information functions particularly the intellectual ability, as its goal

肝硬化是一种以肝组织弥漫性纤维化,假小叶和 再生结节形成为特征的慢性肝病。临床上有多系统 受累,以肝功能损害和门静脉高压为主要表现,晚 期常出现消化道出血,肝性脑病,继发感染等严重 并发症