If a chiral atom attached to the carbonyl group, the stereoselectivity of nucleophilic addition follows the Cram’s rule

Many other pairs of reagents that form cabocations (orcarbocationlike species) may be used as well

10.1A Production of Radicals 10.2A Homolytic Bond Dissociation Energies and Heats of Reaction

9.3 醛酮的反应 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones

9.1 醛 酮的结构 命名和物理性质 Structure, Nomenclature and Physical Properties 9.2 醛酮的制备 Preparations

厦门大学化学化工学院：《有机化学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿，双语版）第八章 醇和醚 Alcohols and Ethers 8.2 醚 Ethers

厦门大学化学化工学院：《有机化学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿，双语版）第十章 羧酸 Carboxylic Acids（10.1-10.4）

7.3 芳香烃的化学性质 Reactions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 7.4 苯环上亲电取代的定位规律 Orientation of Reactions on Substituted Aromatic Rings

4.1 卤代烃的分类 结构和命名 Classification, Structure, and Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides 4.2 卤代烃的物理性质 Physical Properties of Alkyl Halides 4.3 卤代烃的化学性质 Chemical properties of Alkyl Halides

1.12A The Structure of Methane sp3 Hybridization The 4 sp3 orbitals should be oriented at angles of 109.5° with respect to each other. An sp3-Hybridized carbon gives a tetrahedral structure for methane, and with four equivalent C—H bonds