Signaling games are used to model the following situation: Player 1, the Sender, receives some private information and sends a message m E M to Player 2, the Receiver. The latter, in turn, observes m but not 0, and chooses response r E R. Players'payoffs depend on 0, m and r. What could be simpler? Yet, there is a huge number of economically interesting games that fit nicely within this framework: Spence's job market signaling model is the leading example, but applications abound in IO (limit pricing, disclosure...) finance (security design) and political economics

By and large, I will follow OR, Chapters 1l and 12, so I will keep these notes to a minimum. J Games with observed actions and payoff uncertainty Not all dynamic models of strategic interaction fit within the category of games with observed actions we have developed in the previous lectures. In particular, no allowance was made

This lecture continues the analysis of normal-form games. We analyze general, non-zeros ames, emphasizing the informalequation Rational Behavior Assumptions about Beliefs= Solution Concepts Before we tackle the new material. let us review what we have learned about zerosum games in light of this \equation\. Rational behavior in the context of normal-form games

New Words deadeye: In informal English, dead may mean \precise(ly)\ or accurate(ly)\. ---Bill was dead shot with rifle. The model plane landed dead in the middle of the square

Introduction What is international trade theory? International trade theory is basically an exercise in applied general equi- librium modeling. This means that in many cases one can use the general theorems that apply for any Arrow-Debreu economy, most notably about the existence and welfare properties of equilibria. What makes international trade a separate field is that it utilizes some assumptions that allow for much

The Question Being Asked in Value at Risk (VaR) \What loss level is such that we are X% confident it will not be exceeded in N business days?\

The stock Price Assumption Consider a stock whose price is s In a short period of time of length At the change in then stock price S is assumed to be normal with mean Sdt and standard deviation os√△, that is, S follows geometric Brownian motion ds=u Sdt+oSdz Then dInS=( )dt+oda

Application of MR2T2 algorithm in statistical mechanics Canonical ensemble: Distribution function: p(rN)=exp(-E(rN)/KT)/Q Q= JdrN exp(-E(rN)/kT) Different states of the Markov chain: In the application of Metropolis algorithm to a simulation of molecular system, the states of the Markov chain correspond to different configurations of the molecular system

Module 7: Process Synchronization 1、Background(背景) 2、The critical- Section Problem(临界区问题) 3、Synchronization Hardware(同步的硬件实现) 4、Semaphores(信号量) 5、Classical Problems of Synchronization(经典同步问题) 6、Monitors(管程) 7、Java Synchronization(Java中的同步机制) 8、Synchronization in Solaris2( Solaris2的同步机制) 9、Synchronization in Windows NT( Windows NT的同步机制)

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs The first classical cartoon which won the world-wide reputation. Snow White, one of the master piece of Grimm's fairy tales, was screened by nowWhite Disney in 1937. With the beginning of \Long, long ago, in the winter-time, when the snowflakes were falling like little white feathers from the sky, a beautiful Queen sat beside her window,..\, it brings us to a world full of magic. The vivid characters give us a colorful childhood