14.1 Introduction 14.2 Breakage and reunion involves heteroduplex DNA 14.3 Double-strand breaks initiate recombination 14.4 Double-strand breaks initiate snapsis 14.5 Bacterial recombination involves single-strand assimilation 14.6 Gene conversion accounts for interallelic recombination 14.7 Topological manipulation of DNA 14.8 Specialized recombination involves breakage and reunion at specific sites 14.9 Repair systems correct damage to DNA 14.10 Excision repair systems in E. coli 14.11 Controlling the direction of mismatch repair 14.12 Retrieval systems in E. coli 14.13 RecA triggers the SOS system 14.14 Eukaryotic repair systems

● 基本概念 ● 转录起始： RNA聚合酶、启动子 ● 转录的基本过程 ● 转录后加工 ● 原核生物与真核生物mRNA的特征比较 ● RNA合成与DNA合成异同点

一、RNA转录概述 二、细菌的RNA聚合酶及其转录 三、真核生物的RNA聚合酶及其转录 四、真核生物基因转录的启动子 五、Ⅱ类基因转录的转录因子和转录起始复合物

17.1 Introduction 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by pheromone-receptor interactions 17.3 The mating response activates a G protein 17.4 Yeast can switch silent and active loci for mating type 17.5 The MAT locus codes for regulator proteins 17.6 Silent cassettes at HML and HMR are repressed 17.7 Unidirectional transposition is initiated by the recipient MAT locus 17.8 Regulation of HO expression 17.9 Trypanosomes switch the VSG frequently during infection 17.10 New VSG sequences are generated by gene switching 17.11 VSG genes have an unusual structure 17.12 The bacterial Ti plasmid causes crown gall disease in plants 17.13 T-DNA carries genes required for infection 17.14 Transfer of T-DNA resembles bacterial conjugation 17.15 Selection of amplified genomic sequences 17.16 Transfection introduces exogenous DNA into cells 17.17 Genes can be injected into animal eggs 17.18 ES cells can be incorporated into embryonic mice 17.19 Gene targeting allows genes to be replaced or knocked out

16.1 Introduction 16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition-like events 16.3 Retroviral genes codes for polyproteins 16.4 Viral DNA is generated by reverse transcription 16.5 Viral DNA integrates into the chromosome 16.6 Retroviruses may transduce cellular sequences 16.7 Yeast Ty elements resemble retroviruses 16.8 Many transposable elements reside in D. melanogaster 16.9 Retroposons fall into two classes 16.10 The Alu family has many widely dispersed members

第一章 绪论 Chapter 1 Introduction 第二章 基因和染色体 Chapter 2 DNA and Chromosomes 第三章 生物信息的传递(上)——From DNA to RNA Chapter 3 Transcription — From DNA to RNA 第四章 生物信息的传递(下)——From mRNA to Protein Chapter 4 Translation: From RNA to Protein

第一节、真核生物的基因组及表达调控 第二节、DNA水平的基因表达调控 第四节、转录后水平的基因表达调控 第三节、转录水平的基因表达调控 第五节、翻译水平的基因表达调控

12.1 Introduction 12.2 Replicons can be linear or circular 12.3 Origins can be mapped by autoradiography and electrophoresis 12.4 The bacterial genome is a single circular replicon 12.5 Each eukaryotic chromosome contains many replicons 12.6 Isolating the origins of yeast replicons 12.7 D loops maintain mitochondrial origins 12.8 The problem of linear replicons

1. If you were to mix the bases of dNa with water, would you expect them to form co-planar hydrogen bonds, or stack on top of each other. What about in an organ ic solvent such as DMso (Hint, the answer is different in each case). Justify your answer

四、真核生物转录水平上的基因表达调控 五、真核基因转录后水平上的调控