Revealed Preference Analysis Suppose we observe the demands (consumption choices) that a consumer makes for different budgets. This reveals information about the consumer's preferences. We can use this information to

Structure Describing technologies Production set or technology set Production function Isoquant Marginal product Returns to scale Technical rate of substitution well- behaved technologies Long run and short run

Structure Types of cost curves Fixed, variable and total cost functions Average fixed, average variable and average cost functions Marginal cost functions Marginal and variable cost functions Marginal and average cost functions Short run and long run cost curves

一、完全垄断的性质 完全垄断的定义:没有替代品的某种产品的生产,由唯一的厂商生产 完全垄断的特点:

Structure on -collusive- moves Simultaneous moves Quantity competition -Cournot model Price competition- Bertrand model Sequential moves Quantity leadership- Stakelberg model Price leadership Collusion

Structure Definition Consumption externality Production externality The tragedy of commons

Mission of Economists Gary Becker: believe that the main purpose of economics is to understand and help to alleviate poverty\ Who are the poor? How can one help?

Assets An asset is a commodity that provides a flow of services over time. E.g. a house, or a computer. A financial asset provides a flow of money over time -- a security

Structure State contingent consumption(依情 形而定的消费) Preferences under uncertainty Attitudes toward risk State-contingent- budget constraint Choice under uncertainty Diversification and risk spreading

The Theory of Economics does not furnish a body of settled conclusions immediately applicable to policy. It is a method rather than a doctrine. an apparatus of the mind, a technique of thinking which helps its possessor to draw correct conclusions John Maynard Keynes