At the beginning of the 20th century diabetic women suffered from- infetility, and the rare women achieving pregnancy faced a poor prognosis. Maternal death'was a real threat,and perinatal survival a more 40 percent

一、早产:28周〈37周 二、足月产:37周-〈42周 三、过期产:〉或=42周

MENOPAUSE 1. The cessation of menses is menopause. The climacteric and perimenopausal are the periods of waning ovarian function

Definition Fetal distress is defined as depletion of oxygen and accumulation of carbon dioxide,leading to a state of \hypoxia and acidosis during intra-uterine life

Major causes of death for pregnancy women ( maternal mortality) Postpartum hemorrhage (28%) · heart diseases pregnancy-induced hypertension (or Amniotic fluid embolism) infection

定义 fetal distress: 胎儿在宫内有缺氧征象危及胎 儿健康和生命者.是一种综合症 状,是剖宫产的适应证之一

病因 一、遗传基因缺陷 二、环境因素 三、母体因素 四、胎盘内分泌功能不足 五、免疫因素

epidemiology Labor and delivery between28-36+6 weeks 5%-10% be the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality Survival rates have increased and morbidity has decreased because of technologic advances

妊娠滋养细胞疾病:来源于胎盘绒毛滋养细胞 的疾病,包括葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎、绒癌和 一类少见的胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤

Normal Pregnancy Pregnand The course that the embryo and the fetus grow in the maternal body Stages f pregnancy Early pregnancy: $12 weeks Mid pregnancy:≥13 weeks,≤27 weeks Late pregnancy: 228 weeks Term pregnancy:≥37 weeks,<42 weeks