16.1 Introduction 16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition-like events 16.3 Retroviral genes codes for polyproteins 16.4 Viral DNA is generated by reverse transcription 16.5 Viral DNA integrates into the chromosome 16.6 Retroviruses may transduce cellular sequences 16.7 Yeast Ty elements resemble retroviruses 16.8 Many transposable elements reside in D. melanogaster 16.9 Retroposons fall into two classes 16.10 The Alu family has many widely dispersed members

12.1 Introduction 12.2 Replicons can be linear or circular 12.3 Origins can be mapped by autoradiography and electrophoresis 12.4 The bacterial genome is a single circular replicon 12.5 Each eukaryotic chromosome contains many replicons 12.6 Isolating the origins of yeast replicons 12.7 D loops maintain mitochondrial origins 12.8 The problem of linear replicons

一、基因表达调控的基本概念 二、原核基因调控机制 三、乳糖操纵子 四、色氨酸操纵子 五、其他操纵子 六、转录后水平上的调控

现代科学认为,疾病的发生直接或间接与基因有关 经典单基因病 人类疾病都是:“基因病”多基因病 获得性基因病。经典单基因病:主要病因是某个基因位点上产生

9.1 Introduction 9.2 Transcription is catalyzed by RNA polymerase 9.3 The transcription reaction has three stages 9.4 A stalled RNA polymerase can restart 9.5 RNA polymerase consists of multiple subunits 9.6 RNA Polymerase consists of the core enzyme and sigma factor 9.7 Sigma factor is released at initiation 9.8 Sigma factor controls binding to DNA 9.9 Promoter recognition depends on consensus sequences

3.1 基本概念 ( Basic Concept ) 3.2 复制起点与方向 （replication origin & direction ） 3.3 DNA的半保留复制 (Semi-Conservation Replication) 3.4 DNA复制机制 Mechanism of DNA replication 3.5 DNA的复制基因与酶类体系 Genes and Enzymology of DNA Replication 3.6 线状DNA的复制及避免5’-end shorten的模式 3.7 DNA复制调控 ColEI plasmid as example (Relaxed type15-20 copies) 3.8 DNA Methylation (m5C in Eukaryote)

23.1 Introduction 23.2 Group I introns undertake self-splicing by transesterification 23.3 Group I introns form a characteristic secondary structure 23.4 Ribozymes have various catalytic activities 23.5 Some introns code for proteins that sponsor mobility 23.6 The catalytic activity of RNAase P is due to RNA 23.7 Viroids have catalytic activity 23.8 RNA editing occurs at individual bases

22.1 Introduction 22.2 Nuclear splice junctions are short sequences 22.3 Splice junctions are read in pairs 22.4 Nuclear splicing proceeds through a lariat 22.5 snRNAs are required for splicing 22.6 U1 snRNP initiates splicing 22.7 The E complex can be formed in alternative ways 22.8 5 snRNPs form the spliceosome

21.1 Introduction 21.2 Response elements identify genes under common regulation 21.3 There are many types of DNA-binding domains 21.4 A zinc finger motif is a DNA-binding domain 21.5 Steroid receptors are transcription factors 21.6 Steroid receptors have zinc fingers 21.7 Binding to the response element is activated by ligand-binding 21.8 Steroid receptors recognize response elements by a combinatorial code

• 真核生物的基因组 • 真核生物基因表达调控的特点和种类 • 真核生物DNA水平上的基因表达调控 • 真核生物转录水平上的基因表达调控 • 真核基因转录后水平上的调控