The effective value of any periodic current is equal to the value of the direct current which flowing through a resistance R, delivers the same power to r as periodic current does

In either case, leading or lagging, we say that sinusoids are out of phase () if phase angles equal they are said to be in phase(同相)

The over-damped response---- i()= A,+A, The critically-damped response-- i(t) =e (At+A2) The under-damped- response---it)e-(b1 cos+2 sino)

The complete response=the natural response+forced response

The series combination of a resistor and capacitor has a greater practical importance than does the combination of a resistor and an inductor

We define the unit-step forcing function as a function which is zero for all values of argument which are less than zero and which is unity(1) for all positive values of its argument

The inductance which is equivalent to several inductance connected in series is simply the sum of the series inductance

The displacement current flowing internally between the capacitor plates is exactly equal to the conduction current flowing in the capacitor leads

Let=R3 and The result we have found for two /R =k, we have inputs may be extended to any v2=-k(v1+3) number of inputs

UB =A(DA-UB) =cons tant The inverting OP-AMP circuit