There will be a brief review of chapters 7 ñ 11 at the end of this lecture. There will be no lecture on Tuesday, November 13, 2001 (Reading Days)

what you always wanted to know about folds, faults, and joints Stress = the force applied to a plane divided by the area of the plane

The change in volume or shape of an object that results from stress is called strain. The response of rocks to stress can be divided into - elastic response: rock returns to original shape - ductile or plastic response: permanent deformation without fracture; occurs above the so-called elastic limit

一、名词解释（20 分，每小题 2 分） 1. 递进变形：从初始状态至最终状态之间，岩石变形的全过程，用于理解和描述变形 过程（演化）。）

一、解释下列术语： 1. 双重构造；2. 有效应力；3. 铲状断层；4. 花状构造；5. 石香肠构造与窗棂构造

1. Interpret the geologic history of the Grand Canyon using the diagram below. List the events in order from the oldest (at the bottom of the page) to the youngest(at the top of the page). For each event describe the principle or observation you used

一、变质作用的概念 二、变质作用的影响因素 三、变质作用的主要类型 四、变质作用的基本规律

一、地球的起源 二、地壳的形成

一、解释下列术语: 1.双重构造;2.有效应力;3.铲状断层;4.花状构造;5.石香肠构造与窗棂构造

一、名词解释(20分,每小题2分) 1.递进变形;2.枢纽;3.张节理;4.地垒与地堑;5.水平断