Etiology Thrombosis Embolism Vesospasm Expansion of atheroma Extrinsic compression Twisting of the vessels

Arterial hyperemia Inflammatory Collateral Post-ischemic

CELLULAR ADAPTATION Excessive physiologic stresses. Some pathologic stimuli. A new, but altered state preserving the viability of the cell

Autopsy Biopsy Cytology Experimental studies In vitro: Tissue culture Organ culture Cell culture In vivo: Experimental animals Nude mice

Definition of pathology Pathology is to study diseases by scientific methods. Disease may be defined as an abnormal alteration of structure or function in any part of the body

复旦大学：《病理学 Pathology》课程英文PPT课件_Chapter III Inflammation 炎症

复旦大学：《病理学 Pathology》课程英文PPT课件_Chapter VIII Diseases of Gastrointestinal System（Hepatic Diseases）

复旦大学：《病理学 Pathology》课程英文PPT课件_Chapter VII Diseases of Respiratory System

复旦大学：《病理学 Pathology》课程英文PPT课件_Chapter VI Diseases of Cardiovascular System

• Inflammation --- glomerulonephritis , pyelonephritis • Stone --- nephrolithiasis , hydronephrosis • Tumor --- renal cell carcinoma, Wilms’ tumor , transitional cell carcinoma