Electrons surrounding atoms are concentrated into regions of space called atomic orbitals. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know both the location and the momentum of an atomic particle

This handout describes how to prepare a standard gas chromatograph sample. It involves preparing a dilute solution of a somewhat volatile compound and using the GC to assess its purity

教学目标或要求：了解氨基酸的结构，分类，命名。了解多肽结构测定和端基分析。 重点掌握氨基酸的性质和蛋白质的四级结构

了解单糖，双糖和多糖的结构及其化学性质。重点掌握单糖的化学性质

了解羧酸的分类，命名及同分异构现象。了解羧酸的化学反应性质及其制备方法

Arenes: Nomenclature Monosubstituted benzene derivatives are names as other hydrocarbons using the following set of rules: 1. Benzene is the parent name; when a benzene ring is a substituent on another chain, it is referred to as a \phenyl\ group

教学目标或要求：了解脂环烃的结构，分类和命名以及脂环烃的化学性质。掌握环己烷的构象

教学目标或要求：了解炔烃的结构理论以及炔烃的化学性质。掌握共轭效应和亲电加成理论

教学目标或要求：了解单烯烃的结构理论以及烯烃的化学性质。掌握马氏规则和亲电加成理论

This handout describes standard extraction and washing protocols that can be applied to virtually any crude reaction mixture. Aqueous washings are done to remove water soluble impurities from organic products since normally the compound that you desire will be dissolved in Reference