---Components: ❖ nerve cell: neuron ❖ Glial cell: neuroglia ---Function: ❖ Neurons : receive the stimulation, conduct the nerve impulse ❖ Glial cell: support, protect and insulate, nourish neurons

• Describe the maintenance of resting potential in a cell • Explain how a cell is induced exciting • Contrast graded potentials and action potentials • Describe how a cell has refractory phase

Applications of Inverters Conversion of electric power from DC type energy sources to AC type load -Battery Photovoltaic cell (Solar cell) Fuel cell +As a part of composite converter AC-DC-AC frequency converter(for AC motor drive) AC-DC-AC constant-voltage constant-frequency converter(for uninterruptable power supplies)

L. what is cytoskeleton An important characteristic of died eukaryote cell is Brownian motion of contents(including organelles of these cells, while the organelles and subcellular

第一节细胞衰老 一、早期的细胞衰老硏究细胞衰老(cellular aging或 cell senescence)。 二 、Hayflick界限细胞,至少是培养的细胞,不是不死的,而是有一定的寿命;它们的增殖能力不是无限的,而是有一定的界线,这就是有名的 Hayflick界线(HayflickLimitation)物种寿命与培养细胞寿命之间存在着确定的相关关系决定细胞衰老的因素在细胞内部,而不在外部环境。是细胞核而不是细胞质决定了细胞衰老的表达

第一节细胞膜与细胞表面特化结构、细胞膜( cell membrane)又称质膜( plasmamembrane),是指围绕在细胞最外层,由脂质和蛋白质组成的生物膜

细胞分化(cell differentiation 细胞分化是多细胞有机体发育的基础与核 心,细胞分化的关键在于特异性蛋白质 的合成,而特异性蛋白质合成的实质在 于基因选择性表达。细胞分化过程常常 伴随着细胞增殖与细胞凋亡,分化细胞 的最终归宿往往是细胞的衰老和死亡

Archaeal Membranes and Cell Wall Archaea lack fatty acids, instead have hydrocarbon moieties bonded to glycerol by ether (instead of ester) linkages Glycerol diethers and diglycerol tetraethers are the major classes of lipids present in Archaea Archaea do not contain muramic acid and D-amino acids in Bacteria

一、 MPF的发现及其作用 二、 P34cdc2激酶的发现及其与MPF的关系 三、 周期蛋白 四、 CDK激酶和CDK激酶抑制物 五、 细胞周期运转调控 六、 其他内在和外在因素在细胞周期调控中的作用

Chapter 5 A. The Movement of Substances Across Cell Membranes Learning Objectives: 1. Principles of membrane transport 2. Passive transport and active transport 3. Two main classes of membrane transport proteins: Carriers and Channels; 4. The ion transport systems; 5. Endocytosis and Phagocytosis: cellular uptake of macromolecules and particles