Introduction to Economic Fluctuations The modern world regards business cycles much as the ancient Egyptians regarded the overflowing of the Nile. The phenomenon recurs at intervals, it is of great importance to everyone, and natural causes of it are not in sight -John Bates Clark, 1898 Economic fluctuations present a recurring problem for economists and policy-

The Open Economy No nation was ever ruined by tr Benjamin Franklin Even if you never leave your home town, you are an active participant in a global conomy. When you go to the grocery store, for instance, you might choose be- tween apples grown locally and grapes grown in Chile. When you make a de posit into your local bank, the bank might lend those funds to your next-door

一、本章教学目的与要求： 政府的职能； 政府支出对均衡国民收入的影响和大小； 政府税收和转移支出对均衡国民收入的影响和大小；

National Income: Where t comes From and where丨 t Goes A large income is the best recipe for happiness I ever heard of. Jane Austen The most important macroeconomic variable is gross domestic product(GDP) As we have seen, GDP measures both a nations total output of goods and ser- vices and its total income. To appreciate the significance of GDP, one need only take a quick look at international data: compared with their poorer counterparts, nations with a high level of gDP per person have everything from better child-

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Defintion: GDP is the total market value of all final goods and services produced by a country Final versus Intermediate By final\, we mean the goods and service that are purchased for final use by purchaser and not for resale or further processing. The meaning intermediate is opposite to final

I guess I have to come out to reply to those who concern with the nature rate of unemployment First, What is the natural rate of unemployment? It is assumed to be the unemployment rate at the steady state or equilibrium. Note that equilibrium here is not referred to the common

Course Description Macroeconomics is the most disputed, confused yet excited field in economics. This course introduces you how economists think about those macroeconomic problems such as inflation, unemployment and recession, and how macroeco could be used to resolve these problems. We will find that economists may give you many different answers. Yet behind their different answers is the difference in the framework of macroeconomic analysis. The course will thus introduce you two major

Introduction The objective of this chapter is to put the previously discussed two models --the models of product market and money market --together and discuss how output and interest rate is determined The model presented in this chapter is often called the IS-LM model (IS: the product market model; LM the money market model)

The Data of macroeconomics It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data Insensibly one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to fit facts. Sherlock holmes Scientists, economists, and detectives have much in common: they all want to figure out what's going on in the world around them. To do this, they rely on both theory and observation. They build theories in an attempt to make sense of what they see happening. They then turn to more systematic observation to eval- uate the theories validity. Only when theory and evidence come into line do they feel they understand the situation

I guess I have to come out to reply to those who concern with the nature rate of unemployment First, What is the natural rate of unemployment? It is assumed to be the unemployment rate at the steady state or equilibrium. Note that equilibrium here is not referred to the common