An acid is a substance that can donate (or lose) a proton, A base is a substance that can accept (or remove) a proton

Energy and the Relative Stability Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion. Potential energy is stored energy. It exists only when an attractive or repulsive force exists between objects

Functional groups The structural features that make it possible to classify compounds by reactivity are called functional groups. A functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of an atom or a group of atoms that have a characteristic chemical behavior. The Chemistry of every organic molecules

Substitution reactions occur when two reactants exchange parts to give two new products. In a substitution, one replaces another

1858 ~ 1861, Kekulé, Couper, and Butlerov, laid the basis for one of the most fundamental theories in chemistry: the structural theory. Valence（化合价）: C — tetravalent; O — divalent; H — monovalent

3.1 Introduction Vitamins are classically defined as a group of organic compounds required in very small amounts for the normal development and functioning of the body. They are not synthesised by the body, or only in insufficient amounts, and are mainly obtained through food (Machlin and Huni, 1994). There are thirteen vitamins: four are fat-soluble, namely vitamins A (retinol)

一、有机化合物和有机化学 1、有机化学、有机化合物的定义 有机化学（organic chemistry）是研究有机化合物 的来源、制备、结构、性能、应用以及有关理论和方 法学的科学。 自从拉瓦锡（Lavoisier.A.L)和李比希（Von Liebig.J.F) 创造有机化合物的分析方法之后，发现有机化合物均含 有碳元素，绝大多数的含氢元素，此外，很多的有机化 合物还含氧、硫、氮等元素

Acyclic Conformational Analysis-1 Ethane, Propane, Butane & Pentane Conformations Introduction to Allylic Strain Reading Assignment for week

Theory & Modeling of Stereoselective Organic Reactions (Handout) Epoxidation & Directed Epoxidation Hydrogenation Hydride Reduction

Smith, K. and A. Pelter (1991). Hydroboration of C=C and Alkynes. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis. B. M. Trost and I. Fleming. Oxford, Pergamon Press. 8: 703. Beletskaya, I. and A. Pelter (1997). “Hydroborations catalysed by transition metal complexes