Topics to be Discussed National Income Accounting and the Balance of Payments other concepts The determination of exchange rate floating exchange rate system Fixed exchange rate system Trade environment and policy o Summary of the open economy

8.1 Keynesian consumption function 8.2 A simple two-period model 8.3 Consumption theory after Keynes Permanent-income Hypothesis Life-style Hypothesis 8.4 Real interest& decision-making- between consumption and saving

1 Principal and Interest 2 Present Value 3 Present and Future Value of Streams 4 Internal Rate of Return 5 Evaluation Criteria 6 Applications and Extensions

1 Course Information 2 Cash Flows 3 Investments and Markets 4 Typical Investment Problems

7.1 Fiscal policies and effects 7.2 Monetary policies and effects 7.3 Policy mix 7.4 Economic fluctuation and eliminating the fluctuations with economic policies 7.5 Macroeconomic policy practice

Topics to be Discusses Aggregate Demand (AD) Function Aggregate Supply (AS) Function AS-AD Model Price Changes and Determination of Output Price Adjustment Process

4.1 Introduction 4.2 Banking system& monetary market 4.3 The interest rate& national income

Economists\ on some level are mathematicians, historians, diplomatists, philosophers..and they are as indifferent and honest as artists

一、供求分析的重要性 供求分析框架具有广泛而重要的运用

一、成本按经济用途分类 (一)制造成本 制造成本也称为生产成本,是指企业为生产产品、提供劳务而发生的各种耗费。制造成本根据其具体的经济用途分为: 1.直接材料 2.直接人工 3.制造费用