A UV-Vis spectrophotometer measures the amount of light absorbed at each wavelength of the UV and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. λmax— the wavelength of maximum absorption

A ring that contains at least one heteroatom (an atom other than carbon) is called a heterocycle, and a substance based on a heterocyclic ring is a heterocyclic compound. Heterocyclic compounds containing N, O or S are by far the most common

The most characteristic reactions of benzenoid arenes are the substitution reactions that occur when they react with electrophilic reagents. The electrophiles are either a positive ion (E+) or some other electron-deficient species with a large partial positive charge

教学目标或要求：了解醛和酮的分类，命名及同分异构现象。了解醛酮亲核加成反应历程及其制备方法。重点掌握亲核加成反应的反应历程

Meaning of Money As the word money is used in everyday conversation, it can mean many things, but to economists, it has a very specific meaning. To avoid confusion, we must clarify how economists’ use of the word money. Economists define money (money supply) as anything that is generally accepted in payment for goods or services or in the repayment of debts. 货币（货币供应）定义为在商品和劳务或债务偿 还中被普遍接受的任何东西

In this chapter, we examine how banking is conducted（运营） to earn the highest profits possible（可能 的利润） how and why banks make loans （贷款） how they acquire（取得） funds and manage their assets（资产） and liabilities（负债）

教学目标或要求：了解卤代烃分类，命名及同分异构现象。了解卤代烃的亲核取代反应历程及其制备。重点掌握卤代烃的亲核取代反应历程（SN1 和 SN2）

教学目标或要求：了解电环化反应，环加成反应， σ迁移反应。重点掌握周环反应的理论及有关反应机理

教学目标或要求：了解羧酸衍生物的分类，命名和光谱性质。了解酰卤和酸酐的化学 反应性质及其乙酰乙酸乙酯和丙二酸二乙酯在有机合成上的应用。重点掌握羧酸衍生 物的化学反应性质及其有关有机合成制备方法

Aldehydes are named by replacing the terminal –e of the corresponding alkane name with –al. The longest chain selected as the base name must contain the –CHO group, and the –CHO carbon is always numbered as carbon 1